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CVPR Pulmonary (Exam 3) > Clinical Obstructive Lung Disease: COPD/Asthma/CF > Flashcards

Clinical Obstructive Lung Disease: COPD/Asthma/CF Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cells are present in the airways of asthma pts?

A
  1. mast cells
  2. eos
  3. Th2
  4. dendritic cells
  5. macs
  6. neutrophils
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2
Q

What role do mast cells play in asthma?

A

release bronchoconstrictive mediators including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2. Activated by IgE receptors.

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3
Q

These cells release bronchoconstrictive mediators including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2. Activated by IgE receptors.

A

mast cells

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4
Q

These cells are found in high numbers in asthmatic airways. They can release proteins that damage epithelial cells.

A

Eos

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5
Q

What role do Eos play in asthma?

A

found in high numbers in asthmatic airways; can release proteins that damage epithelial cells.

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6
Q

What role to Th2 cells play in asthma?

A

release cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, causing IgE production by B-lymphocytes

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7
Q

In asthma, these cells release cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, causing IgE production by B-lymphocytes.

A

Th2 cells

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8
Q

What role do dendritic cells play in asthma?

A

they sample allergens

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9
Q

What role do macs play in asthma?

A

release inflammatory cytokines

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10
Q

What role do neutrophils play in asthma?

A

they are increased in the airways and sputum

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11
Q

What changes to the airway are seen in asthmatics?

A

Increase in airway smooth muscle cells
Blood vessel proliferation
Mucus hyper-secretion

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12
Q

_____ receptors mediate gland secretion, vasodilation, and leukocyte adhesion.

A

NK1

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13
Q

____ receptors mediate contraction of airway smooth muscle.

A

NK2

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14
Q

______ agents such as isoproterenol or metaproterenol increase intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation.

A

Beta-adrenergic

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15
Q

Beta-adrenergic agents such as _____ or _____ increase intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation.

A

isoproterenol; metaproterenol

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16
Q

Beta-adrenergic agents such as isoproterenol or metaproterenol work by _______, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation.

A

increasing intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins

17
Q

Beta-adrenergic agents such as isoproterenol or metaproterenol increase intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins, causing ______.

A

airway smooth muscle relaxation

18
Q

How is inflammation treated in asthma?

A

inhaled steroids

19
Q

In chronic bronchitis, the airway epithelium, which is normally pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, is often
transformed into ______.

A

squamous metaplasia

20
Q

In chronic bronchitis, the airway epithelium, which is normally _____, is often transformed into squamous metaplasia.

A

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

21
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of emphysema?

A
  1. centriacinar

2. panacinar

22
Q

The DLCO will be _____ in emphysema.

A

decreased

23
Q

The DLCO will be _____ in chronic bronchitis.

A

normal or mildly reduced

24
Q

Bronchiectasis refers to an abnormal dilation of the

______ bronchi.

A

proximal medium-sized

25
Q

How is bronchiectasis treated?

A

treat the underlying condition, prevention, and mucus clearance strategies

26
Q

How do people get CF?

A

auto-recessive

27
Q

What is mutated in CF?

A

the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane regulator (CFTR) protein

28
Q

What happens with a mutated CFTR protein?

A

dysfunctional chloride transport across epithelial surfaces

29
Q

The most clinically apparent affected organs in CF pts are the ______ and _____.

A

lung; pancreas

30
Q

How is CF diagnosed?

A

sweat chloride test or genetic testing

31
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

inflammation of the membranous bronchioles in the peripheral airways

32
Q

This is inflammation of the membranous bronchioles in the peripheral airways.

A

brochiolitis

33
Q

What causes bronchiolitis in children?

A 
mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, and respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV)
34
Q

The auscultatory hallmark of _____ is the inspiratory squeak, which is probably due to shear stress developed upon late opening of inflamed bronchioles.

A

bronchiolitis

35
Q

The auscultatory hallmark of bronchiolitis is the _____, which is probably due to shear stress developed upon late opening of inflamed bronchioles.

A

inspiratory squeak

36
Q

What is paradoxical vocal fold motion?

A

inappropriate adduction of the focal folds on inspiration

37
Q

Inappropriate adduction of the focal folds on inspiration is called?

A

Paradoxical vocal fold motion

38
Q

What is the tx for paradoxical vocal fold motion?

A

speech and voice therapy

CVPR Pulmonary (Exam 3) (42 decks)

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