Clinical Obstructive Lung Disease: COPD/Asthma/CF Flashcards
What kind of cells are present in the airways of asthma pts?
- mast cells
- eos
- Th2
- dendritic cells
- macs
- neutrophils
What role do mast cells play in asthma?
release bronchoconstrictive mediators including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2. Activated by IgE receptors.
These cells release bronchoconstrictive mediators including histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2. Activated by IgE receptors.
mast cells
These cells are found in high numbers in asthmatic airways. They can release proteins that damage epithelial cells.
Eos
What role do Eos play in asthma?
found in high numbers in asthmatic airways; can release proteins that damage epithelial cells.
What role to Th2 cells play in asthma?
release cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, causing IgE production by B-lymphocytes
In asthma, these cells release cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, causing IgE production by B-lymphocytes.
Th2 cells
What role do dendritic cells play in asthma?
they sample allergens
What role do macs play in asthma?
release inflammatory cytokines
What role do neutrophils play in asthma?
they are increased in the airways and sputum
What changes to the airway are seen in asthmatics?
Increase in airway smooth muscle cells
Blood vessel proliferation
Mucus hyper-secretion
_____ receptors mediate gland secretion, vasodilation, and leukocyte adhesion.
NK1
____ receptors mediate contraction of airway smooth muscle.
NK2
______ agents such as isoproterenol or metaproterenol increase intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation.
Beta-adrenergic
Beta-adrenergic agents such as _____ or _____ increase intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation.
isoproterenol; metaproterenol
Beta-adrenergic agents such as isoproterenol or metaproterenol work by _______, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation.
increasing intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins
Beta-adrenergic agents such as isoproterenol or metaproterenol increase intracellular cAMP by activating G proteins, causing ______.
airway smooth muscle relaxation
How is inflammation treated in asthma?
inhaled steroids
In chronic bronchitis, the airway epithelium, which is normally pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium, is often
transformed into ______.
squamous metaplasia
In chronic bronchitis, the airway epithelium, which is normally _____, is often transformed into squamous metaplasia.
pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
What are the 2 subtypes of emphysema?
- centriacinar
2. panacinar
The DLCO will be _____ in emphysema.
decreased
The DLCO will be _____ in chronic bronchitis.
normal or mildly reduced
Bronchiectasis refers to an abnormal dilation of the
______ bronchi.
proximal medium-sized
