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CVPR Pulmonary (Exam 3) > Pharmacotherapy > Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

If you activate bronchial smooth muscle via muscarinic receptors, you get _____.

A

bronchoconstriction

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2
Q

If you activate bronchial smooth muscle via leukotriene receptors, you get _____.

A

bronchoconstriction

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3
Q

If you activate bronchial smooth muscle via histamine H1 receptors, you get _____.

A

bronchoconstriction

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4
Q

If you activate bronchial smooth muscle via Beta-2-adrenergic receptors, you get _____.

A

bronchodilation

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5
Q

If you activate secretory cells via muscarinic receptors, you get _____.

A

increased secretion

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6
Q

If you activate blood vessels via muscarinic receptors, you get _____.

A

vasodilation

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7
Q

If you activate blood vessels via Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors, you get _____.

A

vasoconstriction

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8
Q

If you activate blood vessels via histamine H1 receptors, you get _____.

A

vasodilation

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9
Q

If you activate blood vessels via bradykinin receptors, you get _____.

A

vasodilation

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10
Q

If you activate the cough center via Mu opioid receptors, you get _____.

A

suppression of the cough reflex

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11
Q

If you activate sensory pain afferents via bradykinin receptors, you get _____.

A

increased pain

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12
Q

If you activate sensory pain afferents via histamine H1 receptors, you get _____.

A

increased pain

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13
Q

What do mast cells release during a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A
  • Leukotrienes
  • prostaglandins
  • platelet-activating factor (PAF)
  • kinins
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14
Q

______ are responsible for the majority of adult colds.

A

Rhinoviruses

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15
Q

What is the most important inflammatory mediator in viral colds?

A

bradykinin

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16
Q

What are the effects of bradykinin?

A

pain, nasal stuffiness, nasal fluid hypersecretion, cough

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17
Q

How do antihistamines work?

A

they’re reversible H1 receptor antagonists, muscarinic receptor blockers, Na+ channel blockers, and adrenergic receptor blockers

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18
Q

What are the effects of muscarinic receptor block by antihistamines?

A

sedation, prevention of nausea and vomiting, block of secretions

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19
Q

What are the effects of the Na+ channel blockade by antihistamines?

A

local anesthetic (topically)

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20
Q

What is the brand name for Fexofenadine?

A

Allegra

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21
Q

What is the brand name for Loratadine?

22
Q

What is the brand name for cetirizine?

23
Q

What is the brand name for desloratadine?

24
Q

Dramamine is a _____.

A

first generation antihistamine

25
Which antihistamines are better for motion sickness treatment?
1st generations
26
What are antihistamines used to treat?
* allergic reactions (rhinitis and urticaria) * motion sickness and vestibular disturbances * nausea/vomiting in pregnancy * insomnia
27
What are the SEs of anti-muscarinics?
No pee, no see, no spit, no shit
28
\_\_\_\_ and ____ have the lowest risk of teratogenicity in treating nausea/vomiting in pregnancy.
Meclizine; dimenhydrinate
29
Which antihistamines are the best for treating insomnia?
diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and doxylamine (Sominex)
30
Why don't 2nd generation antihistamines cause sedation?
they don't cross the BBB
31
How do topical decongestants work?
Stimulate α1-adrenergic receptors of vascular smooth muscle resulting in constriction of nasal blood vessels dilated by histamine or inflammatory response to promote drainage
32
Name 2 topical decongestants.
1. 1. Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) 2. Oxymetazoline (Afrin)/Xylometazoline (Otrivin)
33
What are these?: 1. Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) 2. Oxymetazoline (Afrin)/Xylometazoline (Otrivin)
topical decongestants
34
These drugs stimulate α1-adrenergic receptors of vascular smooth muscle, resulting in constriction of nasal blood vessels dilated by histamine (or inflammatory response) to promote drainage.
topical decongestants
35
Name 3 oral decongestants.
1. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) 2. Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) 3. Phenylpropanolamine (no longer on the market)
36
What kind of drugs are these?: 1. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) 2. Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) 3. Phenylpropanolamine (no longer on the market)
oral decongestants
37
How is Phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) different from Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
Sudafed PE is unpredictable because of different hepatic metabolism from person to person
38
Name 3 antitussives.
1. Codeine, Hydrocodone 2. Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM) 3. Diphenhydramine
39
How do codeine and similar antitussives work?
they're agonists at endogenous opioid receptors that act to depress the cough center in brain stem
40
What NSAID blocks inflammation that stimulates cough afferents?
Naproxen
41
How do Mucolytics work?
Splits disulfide linkages between mucoproteins resulting in decreased viscosity of pulmonary mucus secretions when inhaled
42
What are the SEs of Mucolytics?
irritation, bronchospasm, GI upset, rhinorrhea
43
Name the only safe and effective expectorants.
Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robitussin)
44
What are the SEs of expectorants?
none
45
How do expectorants work?
Proposed to ease expectoration by stimulating respiratory tract secretions, thus decreasing their viscosity. This enhances the normal mucociliary mechanism for removal.
46
How should a cough from a common cold be treated?
1. 1st gen antihistamine/ decongestant (brompheniramine/ pseudoephedrine) 2. Naproxin tid x5 days
47
How should a cough due to upper airway cough syndrome/postnasal drip be treated?
1. 1st gen antihistamine/ decongestant (brompheniramine/ pseudoephedrine)
48
What is paradoxical excitation and what drug is it associated with?
disinhibition; antihistamines (when some children get hyper off Benadryl instead of sedated)
49
Name 3 second-generation antihistamines.
1. cetirizine (Zyrtec) 2. fexofenadine (Allegra) 3. loratadine (Claritin)
50
These drugs are all?: 1. cetirizine (Zyrtec) 2. fexofenadine (Allegra) 3. loratadine (Claritin)
2nd generation antihistamines

CVPR Pulmonary (Exam 3) (42 decks)

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