Pathoma: Restrictive Diseases Flashcards
What is pneumoconiosis?
interstitial fibrosis due to chronic exposure to small, fibrogenic particles
Why do sarcoid pts have hypercalcemia?
the granulomas have 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity, which can activate vitamin D
What other tissues, besides the lungs, are commonly affected by sarcoidosis?
- uvea (Uveitis)
- skin (cutaneous nodules or erythema nodosum)
- salivary and lacrimal glands
- any other tissue
What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
a granulomatous reaction to inhaled organic antigens, esp from birds
Where do sarcoid granulomas occur in the lung?
in the hilar lymph nodes and throughout the lung tissue
What cells are assoc. with a granulomatous reaction?
eosinophils
What happens in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
fibrosis of the lung interstitium
Pts exposed to asbestos are much more likely to get ____ than _____.
lung CA; mesothelioma
This is a systemic disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas in multiple organs.
sarcoidosis
What are the s/s of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
- hours after exposure: fever, cough, dyspnea
- chronic: interstitial fibrosis
What workers are at risk of silicosis pneumoconiosis?
sandblasters and silica miners
Granulomas in the lung cause _____.
restrictive lung dz
What does non-caseating mean?
all the cells are alive; no necrosis
In sarcoid patients, granulomas have 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity, which can activate vitamin D. What does this cause?
hypercalcemia
What doe TGF-beta do?
induces a healing response and fibrosis
What are the clinical features of sarcoidosis?
cough, SOB, elevated serum ACE, hypercalcemia
What lung function values will be indicative of restrictive lung disease?
- decreased TLC
- decreased FVC
- decreased FEV1
- increased FEV1:FVC ratio (>80%)
This is a giant cell in sarcoidosis with an internal star-like pattern.
an asteroid body
Restrictive lung diseases cause _____ compliance.
decreased
What workers are at increased risk of asbestosis pneumoconiosis?
construction workers, plumbers, and shipyard workers
This is a granulomatous reaction to inhaled organic antigens, esp from birds.
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Asbestosis pneumoconiosis pts are at increased risk of?
lung carcinoma and mesothelioma
What is an asbestos body?
a long, brown rod with iron depositions found in lung samples
What are the clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- progressive dyspnea and cough
- fibrosis on lung CT beginning at the subpleura
