Occupational Lung Dz Flashcards
How does beryllium damage the lung?
immune responses causes granulomatous lung inflammation
_____ accounts for up to 15% of adult asthma.
Occupational asthma
This is an upper lobe predominant nodular interstitial lung disease can progress to diffuse fibrotic lung disease Sometimes see calcified mediastinal lymph nodes (classic “egg shell calcification” on chest imaging)
simple silicosis
What are the major determinants of site and severity of lung disease?
- dose (duration x concentration)
- solubility
- particle size
Name an occupational exposure that is known to cause Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
coal mining
Name a marker for asbestos exposure on CXR.
Discrete, circumscribed areas of pleural thickening and calcification
Where does asbestos preferentially affect?
the lower lobes
What is the tx for silicosis?
lung transplant
What is Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)?
Airway epithelial injury from exposure to inhalants with irritant properties, leading to persistent bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction caused by exposure to noxious irritant gas/vapor/dusts
Name something known to cause Occupational Asthma (OA).
auto body work with spray paint
This is a disease from airway epithelial injury from exposure to inhalants with irritant properties, leading to persistent bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction that was caused by exposure to noxious irritant gas/vapor/dusts
Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS)
This disease is characterized by:
- variable airflow obstruction
- airway hyperresponsiveness
- airway inflammation
- ***attributable to a particular occupational exposure.
occupational asthma
____% of COPD is due to occupational causes.
15
What is Constrictive / Obliterative Bronchiolitis?
Pathologic injury of small airways with extrinsic or intrinsic bronchiolar narrowing due to proliferation of granulation tissue
How is Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) different than occupational asthma?
No Latency in RADS– symptom onset within 24-48 hours of exposure
Smokers exposed to asbestos have a _____x greater risk of lung cancer than nonsmokers never exposed to asbestos.
50
How does hypersensitivity pneumonitis damage the lung?
via a T-cell-mediated immune response with antigen-specific antibodies
This is a disease from pathologic injury of small airways with extrinsic or intrinsic bronchiolar narrowing due to proliferation of granulation tissue.
Constrictive / Obliterative Bronchiolitis
Name something that is known to cause Constrictive/ Obliterative Bronchiolitis.
flavor worker’s lung disease
Occupational asthma accounts for up to _____% of adult asthma.
15
How does acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?
- flu-like (fevers, chills, myalgias)
- respiratory illness (dyspnea, cough, chest tightness)
Name something that is known to cause Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS).
chlorine exposure
What is Occupational Asthma?
Disease characterized by:
- variable airflow obstruction
- airway hyperresponsiveness
- airway inflammation
- ***all attributable to a particular occupational exposure
How does asbestos cause damage in the lungs?
- Direct toxic effects of fibers on pulmonary parenchymal cells
- release of various mediators (reactive oxygen species, proteases, cytokines, and growth factors) by inflammatory cells
- Free radical damage
This is an interstitial lung disease, similar to silicosis, that is caused by inhalation of coal mine dust.
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis
What is simple silicosis?
- an upper lobe predominant nodular interstitial lung disease can progress to diffuse fibrotic lung disease
- Sometimes see calcified mediastinal lymph nodes (classic “egg shell calcification” on chest imaging)
What is the tx for chronic beryllium disease?
inhaled steroids
_____ and ______ are the most common occupational lung disease in developed countries.
- Occupational asthma
- asbestos-related lung disease
Silicosis increases risk of getting ____.
Tb
What is the treatment for pleural effusion?
thoracentesis
What causes Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
- animal proteins (esp birds)
- fungi, bacteria
- hot tubs and pools
- isocyanates
What is Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis?
an interstitial lung disease, similar to silicosis, that is caused by inhalation of coal mine dust
