Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

child health > respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causative organisms for coryza ( common cold) ?

A

rhinovirus
coronavirus
RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the presentation of coryza ?

A 
nasal discharge ( clear or purulent)
nasal obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the treatment for coryza ?

A

self limiting

give symptomatic treatment : nasal saline drops, antipyretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the differential diagnosis with a presentation of enlarged cervical lymph nodes ?

A

acute pharyngitis

acute tonsilitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what ate the causative organisms of acute pharyngitis ?

A

mostly viral , if bacterial beta hemolytic streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the c/p of acute tonsilitis ?

A 
fever 
chills 
headache 
abdominal pain
GI disturbances 
exudate 
palatine petechia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the causative organisms of acute tonsilitis ?

A

ebstein barr virus

group A b-hemolytic streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the treatment for acute tonsilitis ?

A

penicillin

and if there is a penicillin allergy then give erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the immediate complications of acute tonsillitis ?

A

peritonsillar abscess

pharyngeal abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the late complications of acute tonsillitis ?

A

rheumatic fever

post stroptococcal glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the classical presentation of scarlet fever ?

A

sand paper rash
facial erythema
strawberry tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the complications of scarlet fever ?

A

rheumatic fever

PSGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the treatment for scarlet fever ?

A

penicillin for 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the causes of acute otitis media ?

A

pneumococcus
H flu
moraxella catarrhalis
could also be viruses (rhinovirus/RSV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why are children and infants more prone to AOM ?

A

shorten and more horizontal ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the complications of AOM ?

A

otitis media with effusion ( glue-ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the indications for a tonsillectomy ?

A

obstructive sleep apnea
recurrent tonsillitis
peritonsillar abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the indications of adenoidectomy ?

A

obstructive sleep apnea

recurrent otitis media with effusion and hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the clinical presentation of sinusitis ?

A

usually following a viral URTI

fever, pain and tenderness, facial swelling ( maxillary sinusitis )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does stridor happen ?

A

due to partial obstruction of the upper airway which increases with crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the most common cause of acute stridor ?

A

viral laryngotracheobronchitis ( croup )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which viruses cause croup ?

A

parainfluenza
rhinovirus
RSV
influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the clinical picture of croup ?

A

coryza
hoarsness, barking cough, stridor
respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the treatment for croup ?

A

warm moist air

corticosteroids ( oral or nebulized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the causes of epiglottits ?
due to a bacterial infection ( h influenza type b)
26
what is the presentation of epiglottitis ?
sore throat drooling stridor
27
what is the best line of management for a patient presenting with epiglottitis ?
a lateral neck X-ray | urgent hospitalisation and intubation
28
what are the causes of bronchitis ?
viruses following URI | or bacteria
29
what is the clinical picture of bronchitis ?
fever cough expectoration
30
what is the treatment for bronchitis ?
spontaneous recovery | symptomatic treatment
31
what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis ?
RSV
32
what investigation is required for all bronchiolitis patients ?
pulse oximetry - SpO2
33
what is the treatment for bronchiolitis ?
supportive treatment respiratory support along with humidified oxygen no benefit of bronchodilators
34
what is the most appropriate prophylaxis of bronchiolitis ?
RSV monoclonal antibody
35
what are the three clinical stages of pertussis ?
catarrhal stage ( 7-10 days) paroxysmal stage- inspiratory whooping cough convalescent stage 7-10 days
36
what is the treatment for pertussis ?
macrolide
37
what is the appropriate prophylaxis for pertussis ?
vaccine DPT
38
what treatment should be given to contacts or pertussis?
rifampcin
39
what age group is bronchiolitis the most common respiratory infection ?
3 to 6 months
40
what age group is most commonly affected by croup ?
6 months - 6 years
41
what investigations are required for pertussis ?
CBC: lymphocytosis | pertussis detection in nasopharyngeal secretions (PCR)
42
what is the leading cause of death of infants below the age of 5 ?
pneumonia
43
what are the causes of pneumonia ?
infection or aspiration, hypersensitivity, drugs and irradiation
44
what is the causative organism of pneumonia in neonates ?
group b strep | e.coli
45
what is the most common causative organism of pneumonia in 1-3 months old ?
febrile pneumonia -RSV | afebrile pneumonia - chlamydia, mycoplasma, bordetella pertussis
46
what is the most common causative organism in pneumonia in 3-5 month old ?
RSV
47
what is the most common causative organism in pneumonia in 5-18 year olds ?
M.pneumonia S.pneumonia C.pneumonia
48
what may upper lobe pneumonia mimic in children ?
meningitis due to radiating neck pain
49
what may lower lobe pneumonia mimic ?
appendicitis due to vague abdominal pain
50
what does bacterial pneumonia show up as on X-ray ?
lobar pneumonia
51
what does viral pneumonia show up as on X-ray ?
interstitial pneumonia
52
what age group is more likely to experience atypical pneumonia ?
school aged children
53
what is the most common causative organism in atypical pneumonia ?
mycoplasma pneumonia | chlamydia pneumonia
54
what differentiates atypical pneumonia from other types of pneumonia ?
extra pulmonary manifestations such as arthritis, hepatitis and skin rashes
55
what are the indications of hospitalisation in pneumonia ?
``` age younger than 3 months hypoxia respiratory distress inability to feed failure of outpatient therapy home care in unavailable or for the treatment of complications ```
56
what is empyema ?
accumulation of pus in the pleural spaces
57
what is the etiology of empyema ?
usually a complication of pneumonia ruptured lung abscess spread of infection
58
what ab is given for m.pneumonia ?
azithromycin
59
what ab is given for staphylococcal pneumonia ?
vancomycin or ceftriaxone
60
what is the management for empyema ?
drainage under water seal antibiotics decortication

child health (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions