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child health > chronic lung disease > Flashcards

chronic lung disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is bronchiectasis characterized by ?

A

permanent dilatation of the bronchi with inflammation and accumulation of exudate

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2
Q

what is the etiology of bronchiectasis ?

A

congenital

Acquired

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3
Q

what are the acquired causes of bronchiectasis ?

A
  1. infection : TB, CF, post infectious
  2. obstruction: neglected foreign body, lymph node compression
  3. chronic aspiration
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4
Q

what is the clinical picture of bronchiectasis ?

A

chronic wet cough
copious purulent sputum
clubbing, poor weight gain

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5
Q

what is the causative agent in TB ?

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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6
Q

what are the different presentations of pulmonary TB ?

A

primary infection can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic ( latent)

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7
Q

what is the presentation of a symptomatic pulmonary TB patient ?

A

pneumonia and lymph node enlargement

fever, cough, anorexia and weight loss and night sweats

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8
Q

what does a chest x ray of pulmonary TB show ?

A

pleural effusion
consolidation
hilar lymph node affection

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9
Q

what is post primary TB ?

A

reactivation of latent TB infection
in the form of extra-pulmonary manifestations
arthritis , meningitis, military TB
no LN enlargement

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10
Q

how is MTB detected ?

A

either culture and using a ZN stain

or PCR

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11
Q

what are the lab tests required to diagnose TB ?

A
  1. mantoux test / TST : enduration is measured and can be positive after BCG
  2. IGRA can also be used and will not be positive for BCG
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12
Q

what is the treatment for TB ?

A

combination treatment for 3 months of : isoniazid, rifampcin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide
followed by 6 months of isoniazid and rifampcin

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13
Q

what is the treatment for latent TB ?

A

3 months of isoniazid and rifampcin or 6 months of isoniazid

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14
Q

what type of vaccine is the BCG ?

A

live attenuated

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15
Q

when is BCG taken ?

A

first month of life then a booster at 6 years

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16
Q

what is the chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of TB ?

A

isoniazid

17
Q

what is NTM ?

A

non tuberculous mycobacterium is cause by MAC , non contagious affects immunocompromised individuals with pre-existing lung diseases such as CF

18
Q

what is the method of inheritance of CF ?

A

autosomal recessive

19
Q

what is the gene mutation associated with CF ?

A

CFTR gene

20
Q

what are the manifestations of CF in newborns ?

A

meconium ileus
prolonged jaundice
FTT
malabsorption steatorrhea

21
Q

what are the multisystem affections of CF ?

A

nasal polyps
steatosis
pancreatic insufficiency
swelling of submandibular or parotid glands

22
Q

how is a diagnosis of CF made ?

A

sweat chloride test >60 mmol
heel prick test - IT (immunoreactive trypsin) positive
positive fecal elastase in pancreatic insufficiency
CFTR gene analysis

23
Q

what is primary ciliary dyskinesia ?

A

impaired mucociliary clearance

24
Q

what is the presentation of primary ciliary dyskinesia ?

A

chronic cough
chronic sinusitis
chronic ear discharge

25
Q

what are the associated conditions with primary ciliary dyskinesia ?

A

dextrocardia

kartagener’s syndrome

26
Q

what is the triad of kartagener syndrome ?

A

situs inversus
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis

27
Q

what is the differential diagnosis of meconium ileus ?

A 
hirschsprung disease ( DS association)
Cystic fibrosis
28
Q

what are the complications of CF ?

A

esophageal varices

cardiac and respiratory failure

29
Q

what sound is heard on

n auscultation of ILDs ?

A

velcro sound

30
Q

what is the most common cause of OSA ?

A

adenotonsillar hypertrophy

31
Q

what congenital anomalies could cause OSA ?

A

pierre Robin syndrome

Down Syndrome

32
Q

what causes central hypoventilation and hence OSA ?

A

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

33
Q

what are the manifestations of pierre-robin syndrome ?

A

underdeveloped jaw
bybla3 lesano
causes OSA

child health (40 decks)

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