growth and puberty Flashcards
what is the definition of short stature ?
below the 3rd percentile for chronological age and sex
height below 2 SD
what are the classifications for short stature ?
either pathological or normal variants
what are the types of pathological causes of short stature ?
proportionate
disproportionate
what are the cause of disproportionate short stature ?
skeletal dysplasia rickets hypothyroidism achondroplasia hypochondroplasia
what is the difference between familial and constitutional height ?
familial short stature :
normal bone age, normal growth velocity, and the predicted family height is appropriate to their height
constitutional short stature :
delayed bone age and predicted adult height appropriate to the familial patterns
what are the family trends in familial short stature and constitutional short stature ?
history of delayed puberty in constitutional
history of short stature in familial
what is the clinical presentation of a child with growth hormone deficiency ?
short chubby child
weight is good for their age but not for their height
what type of brain tumors usually affect stature ?
craniopharyngoma
what are the features of congenital hypothyroidism ?
large tongue coarse hair swollen eyelids depressed nasal bridge cretinism poor feeding / prolonged jaundice
what is the presentation of precocious after fusion of the epiphyses ?
very tall as children
short as adults
what must all short girls be tested for ?
turner syndrome
even if there is no symptoms
what is the difference in affection between nutritional causes and endocrine causes in terms of anthropometric measurements ?
nutritional causes :
weight is more affected than height
endocrine causes :
height is more affected than weight
if the child is disproportionate what is this an indication off ?
skeletal dysplasia:
rickets
achondroplasia
what are the endocrinal check-ups ?
thyroid hormone
growth hormone provocative test
insulin growth like factor
cortisol am and pm
what is the UKs biggest nutritional problem ?
obesity
how is BMI calculated ?
weight over heigh in meters squared
what is the classification of an overweight child ?
between the 85th and 95th percentile
over 1.5 SD
what is the classification of an obese child ?
over the 95th percentile
what are the different classifications of the causes of obesity ?
exogenous
endogenous
syndromic
what are the presentations of exogenous, endogenous and syndromic obesity ?
exogenous : tall and over weight
endogenous : short and overweight
syndromic: has associated clinical features
what is the presentation of prader willi syndrome ?
poor muscle tone distinctive facial features : almond shaped eyes epicanthal folds thin upper lip poor suckling reflex underdeveloped genitalia child never feels full
what are the three stages of puberty from history ?
pre-pubertal
inn puberty
completing puberty
which tanner stages correspond to each stage of puberty
pre puberty - tanner stage 1
in puberty - tanner stage 2 and 3
completing puberty - tanner stage 4 and 5
what is the tanner staging for boys genitals according to tanner staging ?
G1: testicular volume less than 3mls G2: enlargement of testes mean age 12 G3: lengthening of penis G4: broadening of the penis and further enlargement of the testes G5: adult
