formula feeding

Question 1

what is the caloric content of standard infant formula ?

Answer 1

66-69 kcal per 100 mls

Question 2

how should infant formula be prepared ?

Answer 2

1. hands should be cleaned with water and soap
2. all feeding equipment should be cleaned with soapy water
3. rinse thoroughly
4. then sterilization through the boiling of the feeding equipment
5. clean surface on which formula will be prepared
6. add boiling water and correct amount of formula

Question 3

how long should a newborn be exclusively fed on breast milk ?

Answer 3

first 6 months of life exclusively breast milk , not even water

Question 4

what are the indications for use of the formula feeding ?

Answer 4

upon mothers refusal to breastfeed even after counseling
mother produces inadequate amounts of milk even after supplementation
breastfeeding when medically contraindicated

Question 5

when is breast feeding medically contraindicated involving the mother ?

Answer 5

mothers who have HIV if AFAAS dont apply
mothers on any drug abuse ( neonatal abstinence syndrome ) - recreational
mother on chemotherapy
mother using topical iodine
radioactive iodine 113
psychotherapeutic drugs
critically ill mothers
mothers who have HSV type 1 on their breasts

Question 6

what is galactosemia ?

Answer 6

inability to digest galactose in food 
galactose build up occurs causing liver damage , kidney damage 
c/p :
jaundice cataract 
enlarged liver

Question 7

what type of formula should be given to an infant with galactosemia ?

Answer 7

galactose free formula

soy protein based formula

Question 8

what is maple syrup urine disease ?

Answer 8

inability to digest certain amino acids
must have no leucine , isoleucine and valine
give formula with no leucine ; supplement isoleucine and valine

Question 9

what is the presentation of maple syrup urine disease ?

Answer 9

sweet smell in urine and ear wax
FTT
developmental delay
seizures

Question 10

what conditions are NOT contraindicated for breastfeeding ?

Answer 10

mother who has :
hepatitis C 
Hep B 
CMV
jaundiced baby 
mother who is febrile

Question 11

what type of formula should be given for infants suffering from PKU ?

Answer 11

phenylalanine free formula , some breastfeeding is possible if mother undergoes an elimination diet

Question 12

what conditions must be fulfilled for a mother who has HIV to avoid breastfeeding ?

Answer 12

Acceptable
Feasible
Affordable
Sustainable
Safe

Question 13

what is the frequency and total amount of milk formula that should be given to a newborn in the age of 0-1 month ?

Answer 13

8-12 feedings

total of 24 oz

Question 14

what is the frequency and total amount of milk formula that should be given to a newborn in the age of 1-3 month ?

Answer 14

6-8 feedings daily

a total of 24-32 oz

Question 15

what is the frequency and total amount of milk formula that should be given to a newborn in the age of 3-6 month ?

Answer 15

4-6 feedings daily

a total of 32 oz

Question 16

what is the frequency and total amount of milk formula that should be given to a newborn in the age of 9-12 month ?

Answer 16

3-5 feedings daily

24 oz

Question 17

what are the different forms of infant formulas ?

Answer 17

powdered formula 4gm of powder 3ala 30 or 60 ml water
concentrated liquid formula - equal amounts water
ready-to-use formula - most convenient but most expensive

Question 18

what are the broad different types of formula ?

Answer 18

standard growth formula

special medical purpose

Question 19

what are the more specific types of formulas ?

Answer 19

1. cow-milk protein based formula
2. milk with reduced allergenicity:
   partially hydrolyzed milk
   extensively hydrolysed milk
   amino acid
   soy protein based
   lactose free
   3.high energy formula
   4.anti-reflux formula
   5.preterm formula
   6.infant comfort formula

Question 20

what is the content of casein in cow milk protein based formula ?

Answer 20

first 6 months : casein- 40 whey-60

follow on milks : casein-80 whey-20

Question 21

what are the indications for the use of extensively hydrolyzed milk ?

Answer 21

CMPA
Malabsorption
Atopic dermatitis
Short bowel syndrome

Question 22

what are the indications for the use of amino acid formulas ?

Answer 22

severe CMPA with GOR
multiple food intolerance
short bowel syndrome
protracted intractable diarrhea

Question 23

what are the indications for soy protein- based formula ?

Answer 23

galactosemia
strict vegans
IgE mediated CMPA

Question 24

what are the indications for lactose free infant formula ?

Answer 24

congenital lactase deficiency 
post gastroenteritis 
after a course of antibiotics 
premature 
celiac disease 
after colectomy

Question 25

what is the caloric intake in high energy formulas ?

Answer 25

1-1.5 kcal

Question 26

what type of formula is to be given for low birth weight babies or faltering growth babies ?

Answer 26

high energy formulas

Question 27

how is preterm formula used ?

Answer 27

for babies less than 37 weeks

discontinued after six months corrected age

Question 28

what is the caloric intake in preterm formulas ?

Answer 28

100kcal per 100 mls

Question 29

what can breast milk be fortified with ?

Answer 29

PDF

Question 30

what is the most appropriate way to use PDF to fortify BM ?

Answer 30

use for 3 months post discharge for a preterm baby , continue till normal growth achieved
if not by 3 months continue to 6-12 months

Question 31

what are the features of infant comfort formula ?

Answer 31

reduced or no lactose

has a blend of GOS and FOS for less colic

Question 32

what is arachidonic acid used for ?

Answer 32

found in omega 3 and helps infant eye sight and brain development