GI disorders d

Question 1

what is acute diarrhea defined as ?

Answer 1

more than 3 loose stools a day

lasting no longer than 14 days

Question 2

what is chronic diarrhea defined as ?

Answer 2

diarrhea that lasts more than 14 days

Question 3

what is persistent diarrhea ?

Answer 3

diarrhea that formerly started off as acute but is now lasting longer than 14 days

Question 4

what must be one of the first `DDx when seeing an infant who is FTT with chronic diarrhea ?

Answer 4

CMPA

Celiac disease

Question 5

following GE what other DDX must be considered ?

Answer 5

post gastroenteritis syndrome

temporary lactose intolerance

Question 6

what disease must be considered following bowel resection, cholestatic liver disease or exocrine pancreatic dysfunction ?

Answer 6

malabsorption

Question 7

what is the most common cause of GE in children ?

Answer 7

Rota virus

Question 8

what are the common bacterial organisms associated with GE ?

Answer 8

campylobacter 
E.coli 
salmonella 
Shigella 
Cholera

Question 9

what are the associated clinical findings with campylobacter ?

Answer 9

severe abdominal pain

Question 10

what are the associated clinical findings with shigella and salmonella ?

Answer 10

blood and pus in stool
may be associated with fever
pain and tenesmus

Question 11

what are the associated clinical findings with ecoli and cholera ?

Answer 11

blood diarrhea with no fever

rapidly dehydration diarrhea

Question 12

what is the most serious complication associated with GE ?

Answer 12

dehydration and shock

Question 13

what is the most accurate measure of dehydration ?

Answer 13

weight

more than 10% loss indicated shock

Question 14

what are the signs of shock and dehydration ?

Answer 14

decreased consciousness
depressed fontanelles 
sunken eyes , tearless 
dry mucosa 
decreased skin turgor 
prolonged capillary refill 
pale 
cold extremities 
hypotension 
tachycardia

Question 15

what are the three types of dehydration ?

Answer 15

isonatremic
hyponatremic
hypernatremic ( only one where IV fluids are indicated )

Question 16

when is a stool culture required ?

Answer 16

blood or mucous in stool
immunocompromised child
after recent travel
diarrhea not improved by day 7

Question 17

what is the presentation of pyloric stenosis ?

Answer 17

more common in boys
projectile vomiting 
immediately hungry after vomiting 
olive shaped mass in right up quadrant 
visible peristaltic gastric movements

Question 18

what is the definitive treatment of pyloric stenosis ?

Answer 18

pyloromyotomy

Question 19

what drugs should be avoided in the treatment of GE ?

Answer 19

anti diarrheal

Question 20

when are antibiotics indicated inn GE ?

Answer 20

suspected or confirmed sepsis
extra-intestinal spread of bacterial infection
salmonella in a baby less than 6 months
malnourished or immunocomp
specific bacterial or protozoal infection

Question 21

what is the cause of GE in developing vs developed country ?

Answer 21

developing - bacterial

developed - viral

Question 22

what are the different causes of persistent diarrhea ?

Answer 22

CMPA
lactose intolerance
small intestine bacterial overgrowth

Question 23

what is found in stool to confirm that there is a carbohydrate metabolism problem ?

Answer 23

reducing substance in stool

Question 24

what is the presentation of small intestine bacterial overgroeth ?

Answer 24

abdominal pain
flatulence
bloating

Question 25

what is the most common cause of surgical abdominal pain ?

Answer 25

acute appendicitis

Question 26

what can acute appendicitis mimic ?

Answer 26

lower lobe pneumonia

Question 27

what is the time period for the term chronic recurrent abdominal pain ?

Answer 27

more than 2 months

Question 28

presentation of :
epigastric pain at night along with hematemesis
what is this a typical presentation of ?

Answer 28

duodenal ulcer