approach to motor developmenntal delay

Question 1

what does the persistence of primitive reflexes indicate ?

Answer 1

persistence beyond 4-6 months implies a neuromotor disorder

Question 2

what is a tiptoe gait a sign off ?

Answer 2

spastic cerebral palsy

Question 3

what is a waddling gait a sign of ?

Answer 3

myopathy

Question 4

what is a hemiparetic gait a sign off ( gait with circumduction )?

Answer 4

spastic cerebral palsy

Question 5

what is a scissoring gait a sign off ?

Answer 5

quadriplegic cerebral palsy

Question 6

what is an ataxic gait a sign off ?

Answer 6

ataxic cerebral palsy

Question 7

what is gower’s sign an indication off ?

Answer 7

weakness of the proximal muscles

seen in duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 8

what are the different possible causes to any motor delay ?

Answer 8

normal 
deviant development 
CP 
neuromuscular ( spinal muscular atrophy, myopathy)
ortho 
severe VDD/Rickets

Question 9

what is cerebral palsy ?

Answer 9

a static non progressive encephalopathy affecting the motor system with other associations of the fetal of infant brain
most are antenatal in origin

Question 10

how can a case of CP be described ?

Answer 10

aetiological diagnosis 
physiological diagnosis 
anatomical diagnosis 
associated conditions 
complications

Question 11

what are the aetiological diagnosis divided into ?

Answer 11

prenatal ( chromosomal, TORCH infections)
intranatal ( asphyxia, prematurity)
postnatal ( kernicterus, meningitis )

Question 12

what is the physiological diagnosis of CP divided into ?

Answer 12

spastic cerebral palsy 
dyskinetic cerebral palsy 
ataxic cerebral palsy 
hypotonic cerebral palsy 
mixed cerebral palsy

Question 13

what are the features of dyskinetic cerebral palsy ?

Answer 13

the child suffers from athetosis, dystonia and chorea

and show a fluctuation from hypertonia to hypotonia

Question 14

what is dyskinetic cerebral palsy caused by ?

Answer 14

damage to the basal ganglia

Question 15

what are the anatomical diagnosis divided into ?

Answer 15

monoplegia 
hemiplegia 
paraplegia 
diplegic 
triplegic 
quadriplegic

Question 16

what is the most common cause of hemiplegic CP ?

Answer 16

prematurity

Question 17

what physical finding is associated with seizures ?

Answer 17

microcephaly

Question 18

what are the associated conditions in CP ?

Answer 18

visual affection 
deafness 
cranial nerve palsies ( brain stem injuries )
speech problems 
intellectual disabilities

Question 19

what are the complications of CP ?

Answer 19

seizure disorders 
delayed milestones 
dental caries 
repeated chest infections 
musculoskeletal problems ( contractures)

Question 20

how can contractures be treated ?

Answer 20

surgery
muscle relaxants
physiotherapy

Question 21

what is the method of inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy ?

Answer 21

x linked recessive

Question 22

what type of gait is associated with duchenne ?

Answer 22

waddling gait

has lordosis

Question 23

what is the most common complication of duchenne ?

Answer 23

scoliosis

Question 24

what is the most common cause of death in infants with duchenne ?

Answer 24

death due to lung and cardiac disease

Question 25

what are the lab investigations for duchenne ?

Answer 25

CPK elevated perform EMG muscle biopsy

Question 26

what is spinal muscular atrophy a disorder off ?

Answer 26

anterior horn cell

Question 27

what are the features of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 ?

Answer 27

``` also known as werdnig hoffman disease severe progressive early infancy diminished fetal movements intercostal recession fasciculations of the tongue Infant has a bell shaped chest ```

Question 28

what are the screening tests associated with developmental assessment ?

Answer 28

schedule of growing skills | Dencer developmental screening test

Question 29

what are the standardised tests associated with developmental assessments ?

Answer 29

griffiths and the baileys infant scale

Question 30

what type of lesion is associated with floppy tone ?

Answer 30

LMN lesion

Question 31

what type of lesion is associated with spastic tone ?

Answer 31

UMN lesion

Question 32

if the baby shows floppy tone but is strong what may this be an indication off ?

Answer 32

cerebral hypotonia

Question 33

if a child is to have right hemiplegic CP where would the lesion in the brain be found ?

Answer 33

left medial lobe of the brain

Question 34

what is the only cause of isolated motor delay that is treatable ?

Answer 34

vitamin D deficiency