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child health > approach to motor developmenntal delay > Flashcards

approach to motor developmenntal delay Flashcards

1
Q

what does the persistence of primitive reflexes indicate ?

A

persistence beyond 4-6 months implies a neuromotor disorder

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2
Q

what is a tiptoe gait a sign off ?

A

spastic cerebral palsy

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3
Q

what is a waddling gait a sign of ?

A

myopathy

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4
Q

what is a hemiparetic gait a sign off ( gait with circumduction )?

A

spastic cerebral palsy

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5
Q

what is a scissoring gait a sign off ?

A

quadriplegic cerebral palsy

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6
Q

what is an ataxic gait a sign off ?

A

ataxic cerebral palsy

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7
Q

what is gower’s sign an indication off ?

A

weakness of the proximal muscles

seen in duchenne muscular dystrophy

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8
Q

what are the different possible causes to any motor delay ?

A 
normal 
deviant development 
CP 
neuromuscular ( spinal muscular atrophy, myopathy)
ortho 
severe VDD/Rickets
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9
Q

what is cerebral palsy ?

A

a static non progressive encephalopathy affecting the motor system with other associations of the fetal of infant brain
most are antenatal in origin

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10
Q

how can a case of CP be described ?

A 
aetiological diagnosis 
physiological diagnosis 
anatomical diagnosis 
associated conditions 
complications
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11
Q

what are the aetiological diagnosis divided into ?

A

prenatal ( chromosomal, TORCH infections)
intranatal ( asphyxia, prematurity)
postnatal ( kernicterus, meningitis )

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12
Q

what is the physiological diagnosis of CP divided into ?

A 
spastic cerebral palsy 
dyskinetic cerebral palsy 
ataxic cerebral palsy 
hypotonic cerebral palsy 
mixed cerebral palsy
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13
Q

what are the features of dyskinetic cerebral palsy ?

A

the child suffers from athetosis, dystonia and chorea

and show a fluctuation from hypertonia to hypotonia

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14
Q

what is dyskinetic cerebral palsy caused by ?

A

damage to the basal ganglia

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15
Q

what are the anatomical diagnosis divided into ?

A 
monoplegia 
hemiplegia 
paraplegia 
diplegic 
triplegic 
quadriplegic
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16
Q

what is the most common cause of hemiplegic CP ?

A

prematurity

17
Q

what physical finding is associated with seizures ?

A

microcephaly

18
Q

what are the associated conditions in CP ?

A 
visual affection 
deafness 
cranial nerve palsies ( brain stem injuries )
speech problems 
intellectual disabilities
19
Q

what are the complications of CP ?

A 
seizure disorders 
delayed milestones 
dental caries 
repeated chest infections 
musculoskeletal problems ( contractures)
20
Q

how can contractures be treated ?

A

surgery
muscle relaxants
physiotherapy

21
Q

what is the method of inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy ?

A

x linked recessive

22
Q

what type of gait is associated with duchenne ?

A

waddling gait

has lordosis

23
Q

what is the most common complication of duchenne ?

A

scoliosis

24
Q

what is the most common cause of death in infants with duchenne ?

A

death due to lung and cardiac disease

25
Q

what are the lab investigations for duchenne ?

A

CPK elevated
perform EMG
muscle biopsy

26
Q

what is spinal muscular atrophy a disorder off ?

A

anterior horn cell

27
Q

what are the features of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 ?

A 
also known as werdnig hoffman disease 
severe progressive 
early infancy 
diminished fetal movements 
intercostal recession 
fasciculations of the tongue 
Infant has a bell shaped chest
28
Q

what are the screening tests associated with developmental assessment ?

A

schedule of growing skills

Dencer developmental screening test

29
Q

what are the standardised tests associated with developmental assessments ?

A

griffiths and the baileys infant scale

30
Q

what type of lesion is associated with floppy tone ?

A

LMN lesion

31
Q

what type of lesion is associated with spastic tone ?

A

UMN lesion

32
Q

if the baby shows floppy tone but is strong what may this be an indication off ?

A

cerebral hypotonia

33
Q

if a child is to have right hemiplegic CP where would the lesion in the brain be found ?

A

left medial lobe of the brain

34
Q

what is the only cause of isolated motor delay that is treatable ?

A

vitamin D deficiency

child health (40 decks)

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