approach to motor developmenntal delay Flashcards
what does the persistence of primitive reflexes indicate ?
persistence beyond 4-6 months implies a neuromotor disorder
what is a tiptoe gait a sign off ?
spastic cerebral palsy
what is a waddling gait a sign of ?
myopathy
what is a hemiparetic gait a sign off ( gait with circumduction )?
spastic cerebral palsy
what is a scissoring gait a sign off ?
quadriplegic cerebral palsy
what is an ataxic gait a sign off ?
ataxic cerebral palsy
what is gower’s sign an indication off ?
weakness of the proximal muscles
seen in duchenne muscular dystrophy
what are the different possible causes to any motor delay ?
normal deviant development CP neuromuscular ( spinal muscular atrophy, myopathy) ortho severe VDD/Rickets
what is cerebral palsy ?
a static non progressive encephalopathy affecting the motor system with other associations of the fetal of infant brain
most are antenatal in origin
how can a case of CP be described ?
aetiological diagnosis physiological diagnosis anatomical diagnosis associated conditions complications
what are the aetiological diagnosis divided into ?
prenatal ( chromosomal, TORCH infections)
intranatal ( asphyxia, prematurity)
postnatal ( kernicterus, meningitis )
what is the physiological diagnosis of CP divided into ?
spastic cerebral palsy dyskinetic cerebral palsy ataxic cerebral palsy hypotonic cerebral palsy mixed cerebral palsy
what are the features of dyskinetic cerebral palsy ?
the child suffers from athetosis, dystonia and chorea
and show a fluctuation from hypertonia to hypotonia
what is dyskinetic cerebral palsy caused by ?
damage to the basal ganglia
what are the anatomical diagnosis divided into ?
monoplegia hemiplegia paraplegia diplegic triplegic quadriplegic
what is the most common cause of hemiplegic CP ?
prematurity
what physical finding is associated with seizures ?
microcephaly
what are the associated conditions in CP ?
visual affection deafness cranial nerve palsies ( brain stem injuries ) speech problems intellectual disabilities
what are the complications of CP ?
seizure disorders delayed milestones dental caries repeated chest infections musculoskeletal problems ( contractures)
how can contractures be treated ?
surgery
muscle relaxants
physiotherapy
what is the method of inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy ?
x linked recessive
what type of gait is associated with duchenne ?
waddling gait
has lordosis
what is the most common complication of duchenne ?
scoliosis
what is the most common cause of death in infants with duchenne ?
death due to lung and cardiac disease