pediatric emergencies

Question 1

what is the most common cause of acute stridor ?

Answer 1

croup

Question 2

what is the emergency management for viral croup ?

Answer 2

give oral dexamethasone 
nebulised budenoside 
give adrenaline
oxygen if necessary 
seek help , ventilation if required

Question 3

what is the management for epiglottitis ?

Answer 3

oxygen
intubate and ventilate
IV antibiotics

Question 4

what is the causative organism in croup ?

Answer 4

(barking cough )

parainfluenza

Question 5

what is the most common causative organism in bronchiolitis ?

Answer 5

RSV

Question 6

what is the management for bronchiolitis ?

Answer 6

humidified oxygen
respiratory support
no bronchodilators

Question 7

what are the criteria for moderate acute asthma ?

Answer 7

SpO2 92-95%
able to talk
moderate respiratory distress

Question 8

what is the management for moderate acute asthma attack ?

Answer 8

give oxygen to keep o2 above 95%
10 puffs salbutamol via spacer
prednisolone 
reassess 
\_\_\_\_\_
repeat salbutamol 2 more times

Question 9

what is the criteria for severe acute asthma ?

Answer 9

SPO2 below 92%

too breathless to speak

Question 10

what is the management for severe acute asthma ?

Answer 10

high flow oxygen via non rebreather bag 
nebulized salbutamol , add ipatroprium bromide in 2nd and 3rd dose 
obtain IV access 
IV salbutamol 
IV hydrocortisone 
IV fluids 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1-2hrly salbutamol 
6hr ipratropium bromide

Question 11

what are the criteria for life threatening acute asthma ?

Answer 11

silent chest
pallor/cyanosis
exhaustion

Question 12

what is the management for life threatening

acute asthma ?

Answer 12

high flow oxygen 
obtain IV access 
nebulise salbutamol , add ipratropium bromide to 2nd and 3rd dose 
IV salbutamol 
IV hydrocortisone 
IV fluids 
IV MgSO4 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
1-2 hourly salbutamol 
6hrly ipratropium bromide 
Iv hydrocortisone

Question 13

what is the next best step in management if resuscitation plan for severe asthma doesn’t work ?

Answer 13

IV aminophylline in one access
IV salbutamol in another access
continue oxygen and steroids

Question 14

what is important to exclude in a child who has a fever and rash ?

Answer 14

meningococcal septicemia

Question 15

what is the presentation of meningococcemia ?

Answer 15

symptoms of meningitis
may reach amputation
DIC

Question 16

what test is used for meningococcal septicemia ?

Answer 16

glass test

Question 17

what is status epilepticus ?

Answer 17

continuous and generalized convulsions for more than 30 minutes

Question 18

what is the management for status epilepticus ?

Answer 18

high flow oxygen 
dont ever forget glucose 
vascular access ? give lorazepam 
no vascular ? give diazepam 
can give lorazepam twice 
prepare phenytoin if convulsions continue

Question 19

what is the standard dose of lorazepam ?

Answer 19

0.1 mg/kg

Question 20

what is the standard dose of diazepam ?

Answer 20

0.5 mg/kg

Question 21

what is the triad of HUS ?

Answer 21

thrombocytopenia
acute renal damage
microangiopathy hemolytic anemia

Question 22

what is the dose for adrenaline ?

Answer 22

1:1000