Respiratory System: Upper Flashcards
functions of respiratory system
1) movement of air in + out of the body
2) exchange in gases b/w blood and lungs + cells
upper respiratory tract includes…
- nose
- nasal cavity
- phayrnx
nasal cavity functions
1) provide opening for respiration
2) moisten & warm air
3) filter dust + dirt particles from air
4) olfaction (smell)
5) speech
external portion of the nose is composed of…
- bone & hyaline cartilage
- skin & muscle
- nostrils (external nares): openings transport air into nasal cavity
interior portion of the nose is composed of…
- nasal SEPTUM divides left + right
- anterior is composed of HYALINE CARTILAGE
- posterior is formed from VOMER, MAXILLA, PALATINE BONE & part of ETHMOID
nasal cavity divisions
- right and left sides
- anterior vestibule
- olfactory mucosa
- respiratory mucosa
NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: right + left sides
divided by septum and bordered by ethmoid, vomer + cartilage
NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: anterior vestibule
skin lined with coarse hair
NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: olfactory mucosa
- bordered by roof of nasal cavity
- olfactory receptors
- lamina propria glands secrete fluid to moisten air
- pseudostratified columnar with neurons (no goblet cells)
NASAL CAVITY DIVISIONS: respiratory mucosa
- lined with mucous membrane
- lamina propria forms CT
- pseudostratified columnar, ciliated with goblet cells
nasal conchae
- on lateral walls of nasal cavity
- divided by meatuses (passageway for air)
- lacrimal duct opens into nasal cavity inferior to nasal conchae
openings of nasal cavity
- external naris
- internal naris
- lacrimal ducts
- paranasal sinuses
openings of nasal cavity: paranasal sinuses
- open into nasal cavity
- found in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid + maxillary bones
- lined with ciliated, pseudostratified columnar
- inflammed mucous membranes -> sinusitis
pharynx wall
- skeletal muscle
- lined with mucous membrane
- begins at internal nares + posterior of mouth
- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
PHARYNX: nasopharynx
- posterior to nasal cavity
- ciliated, pseudostratified columnar
- contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid)
- 2 internal nares + 2 eustachian tubes open into it
PHARYNX: oropharynx
- located posterior to mouth
- lined with stratified squamous to resist abrasion
- extends from soft palate to tip of epiglottis (blocks tracheal opening)
PHARYNX: laryngopharynx
- stretches from epiglottis to tip of thyroid cartilage
- opens into larynx + esophagus
- stratified squamous
- transport food and air
what are the meatuses of the nasal conchae?
- superior
- middle [ethmoid]
- inferior
what generates turbulence and warmth?
conchae + meatuses
how does the nasal cavity get blocked during swallowing?
uvula + soft palate in nasopharynx move superiorly
where are lingual + palatine tonsils located?
oropharynx
dual passageway?
oropharynx
where is the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid) located?
posterior wall of the nasopharynx
