Axial Skeleton

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

skeleton found down the midline of the body

Question 2

skull consists of….

Answer 2

• cranium
• facial bones
• auditory ossicles

Question 3

the cranium

Answer 3

• encages the brain

- 8 bones (frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid)

Question 4

auditory ossicles

Answer 4

• in middle ear

- smallest bones in body (2 malleus, 2 incus, 2 stapes)

Question 5

hyoid bone

Answer 5

• no articulations to bone

- attach muscles (tongue, neck, pharynx)

Question 6

vertebral column regions

Answer 6

• cervical curve (C1-C7)
• thoracic curve (T1-T12)
• lumbar curve (L1-L5)
• sacral curve (5 fused)
• coccyx curve (3-5 fused)

Question 7

cervical region

Answer 7

C1 atlas:
has no body allows head to nod (articulates superiorly to occipital condyle)

C2 axis:
odontoid process projects superiorly from vertebrae (allows shaking)

C3-C7:
has transverse foramen for arteries to pass

Question 8

thoracic region

Answer 8

• articulate posteriorly with ribs

- articular process for rib articulation

Question 9

lumbar region

Answer 9

• support body weight

- large and thick

Question 10

sacrum

Answer 10

• articulates with ilium in appendicular skeleton
• superiorly articulates with lumbar vertebra
• intervertebral foramina > exit spinal nerves

Question 11

coccyx

Answer 11

• usually 4 fused vertebrae
• tailbone
• curved out for female
• curved in for male

Question 12

normal spinal curvature

Answer 12

cervical + lumbar > concave (posteriorly)

thoracic + sacral > convex (posteriorly)

Question 13

abnormal spinal curvature

Answer 13

scoliosis: lateral curve
kyphosis: exaggerated thoracic (osteoporosis)
lordosis: exaggerated lumbar (pregnancy)

Question 14

thoracic cage consists of…

Answer 14

sternum + ribs

Question 15

the ribs (thoracic cage)

Answer 15

• 12 pairs
• articulate posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae
• true ribs + false ribs

Question 16

true ribs

Answer 16

• attach to sternum via costal cartilage (7)

Question 17

false ribs

Answer 17

• attach indirectly to sternum
• 8-10 indirectly (costal cartilage)
• 11+12 floating ribs

Question 18

facial bones

Answer 18

• 14 in total (2 nasal bones, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, vomer, mandible)