Female Reproductive System

Question 1

ovary consist of…

Answer 1

1) superficial epithelium (mesothelium): simple cuboidal
2) tunica albuginea: dense irregular CT
3) ovarian cortex: outer layer w/ ovarian follicles
4) ovarian medulla: center w/ blood + lymphatic vessels

Question 2

ovary membranes: mesovarium

Answer 2

• suspends ovary b/w uterus + pelvic wall

- tents over uterus supporting uterine tubes, uterus + vagina

Question 3

ovary membranes: suspensory ligament

Answer 3

• anchors ovary to pelvic wall

- tents over uterus supporting uterine tubes, uterus + vagina

Question 4

ovary membranes: ovarian ligament

Answer 4

• attach ovary to uterus

Question 5

what is oogenesis?

Answer 5

production of gametes in follicles of ovary

- primary oocyte gives rise to 1 ovum + 2 polar bodies

Question 6

oogenesis cycle

Answer 6

oogonia (2n) > primary oocyte (2n) > secondary (n) + polar body (n) > ovum (n) + polar body (n)

Question 7

when does the oogonia form, what happens

Answer 7

• appears at 11 weeks post fertilization

- undergo mitosis

Question 8

oogenesis: secondary oocyte

Answer 8

• begins meiosis II

- released during ovulation

Question 9

fertilization

Answer 9

• ~24 hours

- begins w/ fusion of sperm + secondary oocyte

Question 10

what forms ovum

Answer 10

secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis II

Question 11

what forms zygote

Answer 11

nuclei of sperm + ovum fuse after meiosis II

Question 12

ovarian follicles: primordial follicles

Answer 12

• present in ovary at birth

- primary oocyte is surrounded by single layer of flat follicular cells

Question 13

ovarian follicles: primary follicles

Answer 13

• stratified layer
• single layer (granulosa) proliferates under influence of FSH forms zona pellucida
• surrounding tissue forms theca cells

Question 14

ovarian follicles: secondary follicles

Answer 14

• in ovaries during puberty
• primary oocyte > secondary oocyte by meiosis
• granulosa + theca cells secret estrogen

Question 15

ovarian follicles: Graafian follicles

Answer 15

• fluid filled sacs merge forming fluid filled cavity (antrum)
• corona radiata: layer of granulosa cells that immediately surround oocyte (will be ovulated)

Question 16

characteristics of corpus luteum in ovulation

Answer 16

• forms from proliferation of granulosa and theca cells

- functions to produce estrogen + progesterone

Question 17

what occurs when fertilization does not occur

Answer 17

• corpus luteum disintegrates into corpus albicans

- estrogen + progesterone secretions halts resulting in a new cycle

Question 18

fallopian tubes consist of…

Answer 18

• infundibulum
• ampulla
• isthmus

Question 19

fallopian tube: infundibulum

Answer 19

• contains fimbriae

- suspended over ovary

Question 20

fallopian tube: ampulla

Answer 20

• middle 2/3 of the tube

Question 21

fallopian tube: isthmus

Answer 21

• connects to the uterus

Question 22

mucosa of fallopian tube

Answer 22

• has ciliated simple columnar epithelium
• cilia assist in movement of oocyte
• peg cells: non-ciliated (secrete nutrient rich fluid)

Question 23

muscularis externa of fallopian tube

Answer 23

• smooth muscle

- assists in movement of oocyte along tube

Question 24

serous membrane of fallopian tube

Answer 24

• visceral peritoneum

- adventitia

Question 25

how is the uterus attached to the abdominal wall?

Answer 25

by supportive membranes

1. broad ligament
2. round ligament
3. uterosacral ligament

Question 26

broad ligament

Answer 26

• portion of parietal peritoneum

- suspends uterus laterally

Question 27

round ligament

Answer 27

• composed of fibrous CT

- attaches uterus to anterior wall

Question 28

uterosacral ligament

Answer 28

• portion of peritoneum

- attaches uterus to sacrum

Question 29

uterus consist of…

Answer 29

• fundus
• body
• cervix
• uterine cavity

Question 30

uterus: fundus

Answer 30

higher than fallopian tube level

Question 31

uterus: body

Answer 31

major portion of uterus

Question 32

uterus: cervix

Answer 32

inferior, narrow portion that opens into vagina

Question 33

uterus: uterine cavity

Answer 33

• space in body

Question 34

layers of uterus

Answer 34

1) outer peritoneum
2) myometrium
3) endometrium

Question 35

outer peritoneum of uterus

Answer 35

• visceral (simple squamous)

- serous membrane

Question 36

myometrium of uterus

Answer 36

• muscularis externa (smooth muscle)

- 3 layers

Question 37

endometrium of uterus

Answer 37

• mucous membrane
• has simple columnar epithelium
• endometrial glands
• thick lamina propria CT

Question 38

2 layers of simple columnar in uterus

Answer 38

1) stratum functionalis: nearest to uterine cavity (sheds during period)
2) stratus basalis: layer gives rise to a new stratum functionalis after period

Question 39

vagina functions

Answer 39

• birth canal
• site of sperm deposition + transport
• exit for menstrual flow

Question 40

layers of vagina

Answer 40

• mucosa
• muscularis layer
• adventitia

Question 41

vagina: mucosa layer

Answer 41

• stratified squamous epithelium + CT

- rugae to stimulate penis and expansion

Question 42

vagina: muscularis layer

Answer 42

• 2 layers of smooth muscle

- facilitates stretching

Question 43

vagina: adventitia

Answer 43

• areolar CT layer

Question 44

vagina: external genitalia

Answer 44

• labia majora (same spot as scrotum)
• labia minora (same spot as penis)
• clitoris (same spot as erectile tissue)

Question 45

mammary glands

Answer 45

• in each breast
• modified sudoriferous glands (secrete milk)
• small compartments (lobules: contain secreting glands, alveoli)

Question 46

where does milk go after being produced?

Answer 46

• milk is produced in the alveoli and exit thru lactiferous ducts opening to the nipples

Question 47

location & attachment of breasts

Answer 47

• on top of the pectoralis major + serratus anterior muscles

- attached by suspensory ligaments called Cooper’s ligaments