Male Reproductive System

Question 1

male reproductive system consist of…

Answer 1

• gonads: testes, produce gametes
• ducts: transport + storage gametes
• accessory glands: secretions lubricate passageways + support for gametes

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

• consists of skin + CT
• holds testes
• 2 layers: tunica vaginalis & tunica albuginea

Question 3

scrotum: tunica vaginalis

Answer 3

• outer covering

- serous membrane

Question 4

scrotum: tunica albuginea

Answer 4

• inner capsule
• extends into testicle branching to 250-300 lobules
• lobule contains: seminiferous tubules, leydig cells (interstitial cells)

Question 5

seminiferous tubules characteristics

Answer 5

• site of sperm production using spermatogenesis

- from each lobule form rete testis

Question 6

rete testis

Answer 6

net of seminiferous tubules sperm must pass when exiting testes

Question 7

spermatogenesis

Answer 7

• produces 4 haploid spermatozoa from 1 diploid primary spermatocyte

Question 8

spermatogenesis cycle

Answer 8

spermatogonia (2n) [mitosis] > 1 primary spermatocyte [meiosis I] > 2 secondary spermatocyte (n) [meiosis II] > 4 spermatids [spermatogenesis] > 4 spermatozoa

Question 9

testes histology: leydig cells

Answer 9

• located in CT that surrounds seminiferous tubules
• mainly secrete testosterone
• endocrine tissue

Question 10

testes histology: seminiferous tubules

Answer 10

germ cells:
- gametes in various stages

seratoli cells:

• b/w germ cells
• extend from basement to lumen
• support + nourish developing sperm
• regulate sperm reproduction

Question 11

sperm structure: head

Answer 11

• has haploid sperm cell

- has acrosome: has enzymes that assist in penetration of egg

Question 12

sperm structure: body

Answer 12

• lots of mitochondria

- produces lots of ATP to “swim” to egg

Question 13

sperm structure: tail

Answer 13

• flagellum from microtubules

Question 14

ducts flow of sperm

Answer 14

seminiferous tubules > rete testis > epididymis > vas deferens > ejaculation duct > urethra > glans penis

Question 15

ducts: epididymis

Answer 15

• posterior, superior + lateral border of testis
• sperm maturation
• ejaculation sends sperm to vas deferens

Question 16

ducts: vas deferens

Answer 16

• enters pelvic cavity
• over posterior of bladder
• vasectomy: ties vas deferens for sperm transportation

Question 17

ducts: ejaculation duct

Answer 17

union of vas deferens + duct of seminal vesicle

Question 18

ducts: urethra

Answer 18

• transport sperm + urine

- 3 segments: prostatic, membranous, penile

Question 19

urethra: prostatic protion

Answer 19

passes thru prostate gland

Question 20

urethra: membranous portion

Answer 20

passes thru urogenital diaphragm

Question 21

urethra: penile portion

Answer 21

passes thru penis

Question 22

ducts: penis

Answer 22

• contains root, shaft, enlarged tip (glans penis)

- erectile tissue: 2 corpora cavernosa + 1 corpus spongiosum

Question 23

accessory glands: seminal vesicles

Answer 23

• paired at base of urinary bladder
• produces seminal fluid (alkaline fluid protects from acidity of vagina)
• contains fructose as energy source
• 60% of total semen volume

Question 24

accessory glands: prostate gland

Answer 24

• unpaired encircles urethra
• produce milky, slight acidic fluid
• has enzymes + nutrients to feed and activate sperm
• 30% of total semen volume

Question 25

accessory glands: bulbourethral gland

Answer 25

• paired in urogenital diaphragm
• produces fluid that neutralizes urine in urethra
• 5% of total semen volume

Question 26

semen

Answer 26

• consists of sperm, testicular fluid + secretions from accessory glands
• semen slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.7)
• transport medium that nourishes + protects sperm

Question 27

volume of semen

Answer 27

• 2.5-5.0mL semen ejaculated
• 50-150 million sperm per mL of semen
• infertility trouble is 20 mill sperm per mL