Bone Structure & Composition Flashcards
long bone composed of…
- diaphysis
- medullary cavity
- epiphysis
- epiphyseal plate
- epiphyseal line
- endosteum
- periosteum membrane
- articular cartilage
long bone: diaphysis
- shaft/body of bone
- compact bone
long bone: medullary cavity
- red bone marrow (child)
- yellow bone marrow (adult)
- lined with endosteum
long bone: epiphysis
proximal and distal parts
long bone: epiphyseal plate
- hyaline cartilage
- bone growth occurs (endochondral ossification)
long bone: epiphyseal line
- replaces plate after growth
long bone: endosteum
- delicate CT
- lines internal surfaces + canals in compact bone
- osteoblasts + osteoclasts
long bone: periosteum membrane
- fibrous CT
- allows diameter growth
long bone: articular cartilage
- prevents friction
- epiphysis surface
bone
- compact/spongy
- osteoprogenitor cells give rise to: osteoblasts, clasts, cytes
- cells of CT are separated by matrix (collagen fibers, ground substance, water)
compact bone
- exterior surface of bones
- composed of osteon + haversian system
compact bone: osteon consists of…
- lamellae: circle of bone matrix (osteocytes between)
- canaliculi: connect cells to blood vessels
- haversian canal: contain blood vessels + nerves
- volkmann’s canal: right angles of blood vessels and nerves (connects periosteum to endosteum)
spongy bone
- plates called trabeculae
- irregular lamellae
- found in epiphysis of long bone + flat bones
- contain red bone marrow
- produce blood cells + blood supply to osteocytes
functional classification
1) synarthrotic: immoveable joints
2) amphiarthrotic: slightly moveable joints
3) diarthrotic: freely moveable joints
structural classification
1) fibrous joints: no joint cavity (fibrous CT)
2) cartilaginous: no joint cavity (hyaline cartilage)
3) synovial joints: - cavity filled with synovial fluid
- cavity + ligaments hold bones
