Respiratory System

Question 1

upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

includes the nose, pharynx, and associated structures

Question 2

nose

Answer 2

the most superior portion of the upper respiratory tract and is comprised of two portions: external and internal (nasal cavity)

Question 3

external portion (Nose)

Answer 3

consists of bone and cartiliage; covered by skin and lined with a mucous membrane

Question 4

internal portion (nasal cavity)

Answer 4

large cavity beyond the nasal vestibule in the anterior aspect of the skull that lies inferior to the nasal bone and superior to the mouth; lined with muscle and mucous membrane

Question 5

internal portion functions

Answer 5

warm filter and moisten air
sense of smell - olfactory nerve receptors that lie within the nasal cavity
modify speech - nasal cavity creates two resonating chambers that modify speech and sound

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

(throat) funnel shaped tube that starts at the internal nares and extends to the leve of the cricoids cartilage

Question 7

cricoids cartilage

Answer 7

the most inferior carilage of the larynx

Question 8

nasopharynx

Answer 8

the most superior portion of the pharynx
lies posterior to the nasal cavity and extends to the soft palate
a passagway for air only from the nasal cavity to the oropharynx

Question 9

oropharynx

Answer 9

most intermediate portion of the pharynx
extends from the soft palate to the level of they hyoid bone
allows air and food to pass from the mouth to the laryngopharynx

Question 10

laryngopharynx

Answer 10

inferior portion of the pharynx
extends from the level of the hyoid bone to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
opens into the esophogus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly
serves as a passageway fro both food and air

Question 11

lower respiratory tract

Answer 11

the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 12

larynx

Answer 12

connects to the laryngopharynx to the trachea and extends from c-4 to c-6
houses the vocal chords and is often called the voice box
the opening is covered by the epiglottis during the act of swallowing to prevent aspiration of food particles into the lungs

Question 13

trachea

Answer 13

located anterior to the esohogua and extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth throacic vertebra
a pipe like passageway for air only to the lungs
it bifurcates at the level of the fifth veterbra into the right and left primary bronchi

Question 14

carina

Answer 14

fromed by a posterior and somewhat inferior projection of the last trachel cartilage

Question 15

primary bronchi

Answer 15

the right and left enter the hilum of each corrpsonding lung

Question 16

hilum

Answer 16

the opening on the medial surface of the lungs where all tubes and vessels enter and exit the lungs

Question 17

primary right bronchi

Answer 17

more vertical, shorter, and wider than the left primary bronchus; because of this an aspirated object is more likely to enter the right lung than the left
divide into three secondary bronchi, one for each lobe of the right lung

Question 18

secondary bronchi

Answer 18

after the primary bronchi enter the lungs they branch into

Question 19

left primary bronchi

Answer 19

divides into two secondary bronchi, because there are only two lobes in the left lung

Question 20

tertiary bronchi

Answer 20

division of secondary bronchi branch

Question 21

bronchioles

Answer 21

division of tertiary bronchi

Question 22

alveolar ducts

Answer 22

bronchioles finally subdivide

there are numerous alveoli and sacs

Question 23

alveoli

Answer 23

air sacs in the lungs that aid in air distribution and gas exchange. Functional units of the lungs

Question 24

alveolar sacs

Answer 24

two or more alveoli that shar a common duct or opening

Question 25

lungs

Answer 25

two cone shaped organs

lie within the thoracic cavity (chest)

Question 26

throacic cavity

Answer 26

formed by the sternum, ribs, and the thoracic spine

surrounds and protects the heart and lungs and maintains internal pressure to prevent hyperinflation of the lungs

Question 27

mediastinum

Answer 27

area located between the lungs

heart, greater vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus gland

Question 28

pleural membrane

Answer 28

composed of two serous membranes and the cavity between them

Question 29

serous membrane

Answer 29

lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior and produces a clear watery subsance (serum) that moistens its surface

Question 30

parietal pleura

Answer 30

outer layer of the pleural membrane; lines the wall of the throacic cavity

Question 31

visceral (pulmonary) pleura

Answer 31

second layer of the pleural membrane; covers the lungs themselves

Question 32

pleural cavity

Answer 32

space between the parietal and visceral pleura that is filled with a lubricating fluid

Question 33

fissures

Answer 33

divide the lung into lobes

Question 34

right lobe

Answer 34

divided into three: inferior, middle, and inferior

Question 35

left lobe

Answer 35

divided into two: superior and inferior

Question 36

apex

Answer 36

most superior portion of each lung

Question 37

base

Answer 37

inferior portion of each lung

Question 38

costophrenic angles

Answer 38

triangular space between the wall of the throacic cavity and the lower margin of the diaphragm which is radiographically important