Circulatory System Flashcards
blood vessels
transports blood from the heart to the body cells and back again
arteries
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arterioles
arteries that divide into smaller arteries
capillaries
smallest of blood vessels; connect arterioles outflow to venous return
considered the functional units of the cardiovascular system
have very thin walls which allow oxygen nutrients and waste to be exchanged between the blood and body tissue
aorta
largest artery of the body
supplies all parts of the body with oxygenated blood and has four principle divisions
ascending aorta
emerges from the left ventricle posterior to the pulmonary trunk
contains the aortic valve
arches to form the aortic arch
gives off two coronary artery branches that supply the myocardium
aortic arch
the most superior portion of the aorta
the ascending aorta turns left for,ing an arch descends and e ds at the level of the interverebral disc between the fourth and fifth thorasic vertebrae
descending aorta
continues the aortic arch
it extends from the arch into the abdomen where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries
thoracic aorta
section of arch between the arch of the aorta and the diaphram
coronary arteries
the first and only branch from the ascending portion of the aorta
provide blood to the myocardium of the heart
brachiocephalic artery
the first vessel off the aortic arch
bifurcates intomthe right common carotid and right subclavian arteries
right common carotid artery
supplies blood to the right side of the face and head
right subclavian artery
supplies blood to the right upper extremity as well as throughout the right side of the thoracic region
left common carotid artery
supplies blood to the left side of the face and head
internal caortid artery
supply blood to portions of the brain
external carotid arteries
supply blood to the face, scalp, and neck
left and right subclavian artery
supples blood the left upper extremity as well as throughout the left side of the thoracic region
axially arteries
continuation of the subclavian arteries; beginning at the lateral border of the first rib and continuing until armpit region where they become brachial arteries
brachial arteries
continuations of the axially arteries along each humerus. they bifurcate into smaller arteries in the hands. common site for measuring blood pressure.
radial and ulnar arteries
bifurcate into smaller arteries in the hand. common site for radial pulse
vertebral arteries
branch from subclavian arteries. travel superiorly through the forearm magnum where they anastamos to for basilar artery
basilar artery
anastamos with two internal carotid arteries to form the circle of willis
circle of willis
serves as the major blood supplier to the brain
common iliac arteries
provide blood to the pelvic region external genitals and lower extremities
formed when the abdominal aorta bifurcates just superior to the pelvic brim
popliteal arteries
direct contiunation the femoral arerties as they pass throught the popliteal regions
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
travel the entire length of the leg until they terminate in the feet where smaller branches supply the feet with blood
peroneal arteries
travel down the lateral, posterior portion of the leg until they reach the feet where they terminate
heart
pumping mechanism located in the mediastunum
mediastinum
mass of tissues and organs that serparate the lungs
contains the heart, large vessels, trachea, esphagus, and thymus glands
base
wide posterior surface of the heart formed by the atria
apex
inferior narrow section the heart formed by they tip of the left ventricle
endocardium
the inner layer - innermost layer that forms the calves and lines the chambers of the heart
myocardium
the middle layer - large muscular second layer. forms bulk of the heart wall and is reponsible for its pumping actions
epicardium
the external layer - the next layer after the myocardium. it folds back on itself forming a double walled sac knonw as the pericardium or parcardial sac
pericardium
the membrane that surround and protec the heart - the outermost layer
parital layer
outer layer fromed by the paracardium
pericardial space or cavity
space located between the isceral and parietal layers of the pericardium. contains fluid that reduce friction caused by movement of the heart
atria
two upper chambers of the heart
receiving chambers of the heart
right atrium
forms right border of the receives deoxygenated blood from three veins (superoir vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
left atrium
forms most of the bas of the heart
receives oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
ventricles
two lower chambers of the heart
known as the pumping chambers of the heart
right ventricle
froms the most anterior surface of the heart
pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen
left ventricle
thickest chamber of the heart
froms the apex
blood passes from the left ventricle through the aortic valve.
pumps blood to all other parts of the body
valves of the heart
allow blood to flow in one direction and prevents backward flow in the opposite direction
atrioventrcular valve
made up of flaps of the endocardium. named for their location because they are located beween an atrium and a ventricle
right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium atrium from the right ventricle
left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid or mitral valve)
pevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the left ventricle
semilunar valve
made of the aortic and pulmonary valves made from flapsof the endocardium.
crescent shaped
right semilunar valve (pulmonary valve)
prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle form the pulmonary arteries
left semilunar valve (aortic valve)
prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta
blood vessels
transports blood from the hear to the body cells and back again
arteries
vessels that carry blood away from the heart
arterioles
arteries that divide into smaller arteries
capillaries
connects arterioles to venules
functional units of the cardiovascular system
very thin walls that allow oxygen nutrients and wast to be exchanged between the blood and the tissue
sinusoids
blood reservoirs composed of the capillary networks
located within the vital organs of the body (heart, brain, liver, spleen)
venules
anastomose with other venules to form larger blood vessels known as veins
veins
return blood back to the heart
anastomose
connection of branches
bifurcate
splitting or dividing of a vessel into branches
ascending aorta
the portion of the aort that emerges from the left ventricle
turns left forming an arch
aortic arch
the most supeior portion of the aorta
descending aorta
contiunes the aortic arch
it extends from the arch into the abdomen where it bifurcates into the common iliac arteries
pulmonary circulation
right side of heart is the pump
receives dark red, deoxygenated blood returning from systemic circulation
right atrium receives bllod from superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus dumps into right ventricle by the tricuspid vavle
right ventricle ejects blood into pulmonary trunk, valve, and arteries
pulmonary trunk carries blood –> lungs –> capillaries (gas exhchange occurs)
blood unloads CO2 and gains 02
oxygenated blood flows from capillaries –> pulmonary veins and returns to left atrium
systemic circulation
left side of the heart is the pump
receives bright red, cxygenated blood returing from pulmonary circulation
left atrium receives blood from pulmonary veins
dumps into left ventricle by biscuspid valve
left ventricle ejects bllod into aorta and systemic arteries by aortic valve
aorta carries blood –> organs/tissues of the body –> capillaries (gas exchange occurs)
in systemic capillaries, blood loses O2 and gains CO2
deoxygenated blood flows away from capillaries –> supperior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus –> right atrium for recirculated
coronary circulation
nutrients are not able to diffuse quickly enough from blood in the chambers to the heart wall
for this reason the myocardium has its own network of blood vessels
