Integumenatry System

Question 1

skin

Answer 1

divided into two layers - dermis and epidermis

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

five layers

Question 3

stratum basale

Answer 3

deepest layers of the epidermis - a single row of cells

Question 4

stratum spinosum

Answer 4

cells in this layer are alive

strands of keratin attache to the cells in this layers

Question 5

stratum granulosum

Answer 5

three to five layers of flattened cells (keratinocytes)

cells are still alive but dying and decomposing a process called apoptosis which means programmed cell death

Question 6

stratum lucidum

Answer 6

clear
consists of three to five layers of flattened clear dead cells (keratinocytes)
found in the thick skin of the fingertips, palms, and soles

Question 7

stratum corneum

Answer 7

25 to 30 layers of flattened dead cells (keratinocytes)

continuously shed and replaced by cells from the deeper strata

Question 8

dermis

Answer 8

two layers

gives the intgumentary system its strength and elasticity

Question 9

papillary layer

Answer 9

superficial portion of the dermis
responsible for skin lines and finger prints
provide blood and nutrients necessary for the regeneration of skin cells to the epidermis

Question 10

reticular layer

Answer 10

deepest layer of the dermis
consists of thick, elastic collagen fibers bound into a three demisional lattice
primarily responsible for the strenght and elasticity of the integumentary system

Question 11

accessory structures

Answer 11

hari, skin glands, and nails

Question 12

hair

Answer 12

found in the thinner skin of the body
the root is located in the dermis or the subcutaneous tissue below the dermis
follicles pass through the layers and regions of the integumentary system

Question 13

arrector pilli muscles

Answer 13

small muscles attached to hair follicles
these muscles contract in response to cold or fear which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin surface (goosebumps)

Question 14

skin glands

Answer 14

sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, ceruminous glands

Question 15

sebaceous glands

Answer 15

secrete oily fluid called sebum that coats hair follicles

when inflamed cause acne

Question 16

sebaceous gland function

Answer 16

aid in waterproofing the skin
keeps skin soft and pliable
inhibits growth of some bacteria

Question 17

sudoriferous glands

Answer 17

apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands

Question 18

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 18

located mainly in the skin of the armpit, pubic region and the pigmented area around the nipples of the breast
secretes odorless fluid that can coat hari follicles or be deposited directly on the skin
interacts with bacteria meabolizes causing it to produce and odor
stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement

Question 19

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 19

more common
located throughout the skin except for the lips, nails, and genital regions - most numerous in palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
secretes same as apocrine minus proteins and lipids
help regulate body temp through evaporation of sweat

Question 20

sweat

Answer 20

fluid produced and secreted by both sweat glands

helps regualate body temp by acting as ca cooling mechanism and produces characterisitc body odor

Question 21

ceruminous glands

Answer 21

modifed sweat glands in the external ear
secetory portion lies in the subcutanous layer
produces ear wax (sticky barrier that impedes the entrance of foreign bodies)

Question 22

nails

Answer 22

protective coverings on ends of fingers and toes

Question 23

nail body

Answer 23

hard, dead, kertinized epidermal cells that form a clear covering oer the dorsal surface of the distal portion of digits

Question 24

naid beds

Answer 24

secures the nail to fingertips