Musculoskletal System (Functions)

Question 1

sternocleidmastoid

Answer 1

flex cervical portion of the verbral column, flex head, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation

Question 2

rectus abdominis

Answer 2

flexes verterbral column and compresses abdomen to aid in defication, unrination, forced exhalation, and child birth

Question 3

diaphragm

Answer 3

contraction results in inhalation, relaxation results in exhalation

Question 4

external anal sphincter

Answer 4

keeps anal canal and anus closed

Question 5

pectoralis minor

Answer 5

abducts scapula and rotates it downward

elevates ribs 3-5 during forced inhalation

Question 6

pectoralis major

Answer 6

adducts and medially rotates arm and shoulder joint

Question 7

supraspinatus

Answer 7

assists deltoid muscle in abducting arm at should joint

Question 8

biceps brachi

Answer 8

flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm at radioulnar joints, and flexes arm at shoulder joint

Question 9

gluteus maximus

Answer 9

extends thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates thigh

Question 10

quadriceps femoris

Answer 10

four heads extend leg at knee joint

Question 11

gastrocnemius

Answer 11

plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee joint

Question 12

tibialis posterior

Answer 12

plantar flexes foot at ankle joint and inverts foot at intertarsal joints

Question 13

spasm

Answer 13

involuntary irregular contraction of muscle tissue

Question 14

cramp

Answer 14

caused by inadequate blood flow to muscles overuse of muscles and dehydration
holding a posistion for prolonged periods of time and low blood levels

Question 15

tic

Answer 15

a spasmodic twitching made involuntary by muscles that are ordinarily under voluntary control

Question 16

tremor

Answer 16

a rhythmic, involuntary movement

Question 17

fasciculation

Answer 17

an involuntary breif twitch of an entire motor unit that is visible under the skin

Question 18

fibrillation

Answer 18

a spontaneous contraction of a single muscle fiber that is not visible under the skin

Question 19

skeletal muscle

Answer 19

produce body movement - allow us to walk, run, swim, etc
stabilize body position - allow us to keep our head up, stand, sit, etc
contractions aid flow of lymph and blood return to the heart

Question 20

cardiac muscle

Answer 20

contractions pump blood throughout the entire body

Question 21

smooth muscle

Answer 21

blood vessels contract and relax to help regulate rate of blood flow

Question 22

thermogenesis

Answer 22

muscle tissue contractions produce heat

Question 23

shirvering

Answer 23

involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles which can increase the rate of heat production