Osteology

Question 0

fissure

Answer 0

a narrow cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass

Question 1

depression and openings

Answer 1

sites allowing passage of soft tissue (nerves, blood, vessels, ligaments, tendons) or formation of joints

Question 2

fontanel

Answer 2

a space between skull bones at birth, filled with dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 3

foramen

Answer 3

an opening through which blood vessels nerves or ligaments pass

Question 4

fossa

Answer 4

a depression in or on a bone

Question 5

suclus

Answer 5

a groove that accommodates a soft structure such as blood vessel, nerve or tendon

Question 6

meatus

Answer 6

a tube like passage within a bone

Question 7

processes

Answer 7

projections or outgrowth on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue

Question 8

condyle

Answer 8

a large rounded articular prominence

Question 9

facet

Answer 9

a smooth flat surface

Question 10

head

Answer 10

a rounded articular projection supported on the constricted portion (neck) of a bone

Question 11

crest

Answer 11

a prominent border or ridge

Question 12

epicondyle

Answer 12

a prominence above the condyle

Question 13

linea

Answer 13

a less prominent ridge than a crest

Question 14

spinous process

Answer 14

a sharp slender process

Question 15

trochanter

Answer 15

a very large projection found only on the femur

Question 16

tubercle

Answer 16

a small rounded process

Question 17

tuberosity

Answer 17

a large rounded usually roughened process

Question 18

axial skeleton

Answer 18

consists of bones that lie around the longitudinal axis

Question 19

face (skull)

Answer 19

14 bones

Question 20

cranuium (skull)

Answer 20

8 bones

Question 21

hyoid (axial)

Answer 21

1 bone

Question 22

auditory ossicles (axial)

Answer 22

6 bones

-ears (hammer, anvil, stapes)

Question 23

verterbral column (axial)

Answer 23

26 bones

Question 24

sternum (throax) (axial)

Answer 24

1 bone

Question 25

ribs (thorax) (axial)

Answer 25

24 bones

Question 26

appendicular skeleton

Answer 26

contains the bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones responsible for connecting the limbs to the axial skeleton

Question 27

upper limbs (appendicular)

Answer 27

``` humerus - 2 bones ulna - 2 bones radius - 2 bones carpals - 16 bones metacarpals - 10 bones phalanges - 28 bones ```

Question 28

pelvic girdle (appendicular)

Answer 28

hip, pelvic, and coxal bone - 2 bones

Question 29

lower limb (appendicular)

Answer 29

``` femur - 2 bones fibula - 2 bones tibia - 2 bones patella - 2 bones tarsals - 14 bones metatarsals - 10 bones phalanges - 28 bones ```

Question 30

intramembraneous ossification process

Answer 30

bones form directly within mesenchym arranged in sheet like layers that resemble membranes

Question 31

center of ossification

Answer 31

specific chemical messages cause mesenchymal cells in fibrous connective tissue membranes to cluster and differentiate

Question 32

osteoblasts

Answer 32

secretes the organic matrix of bone until they are completely surrounded by it make bone

Question 33

calcification

Answer 33

the secretion of matrix stops | cells are now called osteocytes

Question 34

formation of trabeculae

Answer 34

the bone matrix develops into trabeculae that fuse with one another spongy bone

Question 35

endochondral ossification

Answer 35

development of cartilage - the process of the replacement of cartilage by bone

Question 36

perichondrium

Answer 36

develops around the cartilage model

Question 37

interstitial growth

Answer 37

growth from within - the cartilage model grows in length by continual cell division

Question 38

appositional growth

Answer 38

growth from the outer surfaces

Question 39

periosteal capillaries

Answer 39

grow into the disintegrating calcified cartilage (periosteal bud)

Question 40

cappilaries

Answer 40

induce growth of a primary ossification center

Question 41

developement of the medullary cavity

Answer 41

as the ossification center enlarges toward the end of the bone, osteoclasts break down the newly formed trabeculae

Question 42

spongy bone

Answer 42

consists of lamellae arranged in an irregular latticework of thin plates of bone the microscopic spaces are filled with red bone marrow hipbones, ribs, breastbone, backbones, skull, and ends of some long bone are the only site of red bone marrow storage in adults

Question 43

compact bone

Answer 43

forms the external layer of all bones provides protection and support made up of a concentric ring structure blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels penetrate compact bone through perforating canals adult compact bone tissue is the only connective tissue that has a basic structural unit associated with it