Components of the Cell Flashcards
Makes up each element
Smallest unit of matter
Atom
cannot be split into a simpler substance
Element
Atom or molecule with positive or negative charge
Ion
2 or more atoms sharing electrons
Molecule
contains atoms of two or more different elements
compound
cytoplasm
nucleus
plasma membrane
cell
contains both carbon and hydrogen
usually called nonelecrtolytes
organic compound
contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
water soluble molecules
glucose, table sugar and plant starch
carbohydrates (organic substance)
contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
insoluble in water soluble in organic solvents
fatty acids are the simplest
phospholipids and steroids
lipids (organic substances)
contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
building blocks are amino acids
shapes are complex
keratin, fibrin, a myglobin
proteins (organic substance)
contains atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
building blocks are nucleotides
nucleic acids (organic substance)
two major types of nucleic acids
RNA and DNA (organic substance)
energy currency of living systems
powers cellular activities that require energy called Endergonic Reactions
ATP
provide energy
provide cell structure
carbohydrates
provide energy
provide cell structure
provide insulation beneath the skin
lipids
structural components in cell membranes
phosophlipids
provide energy to drive muscle contraction
provide cell structure for body tissue
provide enzymes which speed up biochemical reactions (enzymes)
proteins
store information for the synthesis of proteins
control cell activities
nucleic acids
generally dissolves or react with water to release ions
usually called electrolytes
inorganic substance
most abundant compound in living material
responsible for two/thirds of the weight of an adult human
major component of blood and other body fluid
water H2O (inorganic substance)
medium in which most biochemical reactions occur
transports various chemical substances
regulates body temperature
water (H20)
enters the internal environment through the respiratory organs
transported throughout the body by blood
necessary for cell survival and ultimately for survival of the organism
oxygen (O2) (inorganic compounds)
used to release emergy from glucose molecules
oxygen (O2)
a simple carbon containing inorganic compound
produced by a waste product
carbon dioxide (CO2)
reacts with water to form carbonic acid
carbon dioxide (CO2)
abundant in body fluids
source of many necessary ions
inorganic salts
play important roles in metabolic process
maintain proper water concentration and ph balance in body fluids
needed for: blood clotting, bone development, energy to transfer within cells, muscle and nerve function
inorganic salts
