Respiratory system Flashcards
What is the inlet and outlet of the thorax ?
the in inlet is the superior part of the thorax while the outlet is the inferior part of it
what is the mediastinum and where is it located ?
it is the middle space in the thoracic cavity between 2 pleural sacs and lungs
how is the mediastinum divided?
the mediastinum is divided into superior and inferior by an imaginary line that runs from the L4 vertebrae to the angle of the sternum
what does the upper respiratory system consist of?
the nose and the pharynx
what does the lower respiratory system consist of?
1.)trachea
2.)larynx
3.)bronchi
4.)bronchioles
5,)lungs
what is the conducting zone?
the conducting some consists of all the airways that carry air into the lungs and it includes the nose , pharynx , trachea , larynx , bronchiole , bronchioles , and terminal bronchioles
what is the respiratory zone ?
sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs . it includes the respiratory bronchioles , alveolar ducts , alveolar sacs , and alveoli
list all the parts of the structure if the nose.
- ) root
- ) bridge
- )dorsum nasi
- )ala of the nose
- ) apex
- ) philtrum
- )external nostrils 9bounded laterally by alea)
each half of the nasal cavity has 4 walls. list these 4 walls.
roof; ethmoid bone
floor:hard and soft pallet
medial wall :nasal septum
lateral wall : 3 conchae (elevations ) and 3 meatuses (depressions )
what are para nasal sinuses ?
hollow cavities lined with mucous membrane
where are the para nasal sinuses located?
- )sphenoid
- )3 ethmoid
- ) maxillary and frontal bones
what Is the function of the para nasal sinuses ?
they produce mucous to moisten the air
resonance chambers for speech
lighten weight of the skull
what is the pharynx ?
funnel shaped tube of skeletal muscle that connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly and connects the larynx and esophagus inferiorly .
where is the pharynx located ?
it extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra
what are the pharynx’s 3 regions
- )nasopahrynx
- )oropharynx
- )laryngophaynx
what does the larynx connect to superiorly and posteriorly ?
the larynx opens into the laryngopharynx superiorly and continues with the trachea posteriorly
what are the functions of the larynx ?
provide an air way
act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into their proper channels
function in voice production
the larynx contains 9 cartilages . how many of those are paired and how many fo them are unpaired?
the larynx contains 3 paired cartilages and 3 unpaired cartilages
list all 3 paired cartilages in the larynx .
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform
list all 3 Unpaired cartilages in the larynx .
epiglottic
thyroid
cricoid
what is the largest cartilage present in the larynx?
thyroid
what is another name for the larynx?
voie box
what is another name for the wind pipe?
trachea
what is the trachea?
a though flexible tube running from the larynx to the bronchi
what parts of the trachea are covered by muscles ?
the front of the trachea is covered by cartilage while the back is covered by muscles
how does the trachea connect to the lungs?
the trachea branches into right and left bronchi .
what is the hilus / hilum?
it is the wedge shaped area on the central position of each lung where bronchi , arteries , veins and nerves enter and leave
show, in the correct order , the route air takes to get to the lungs
- )trachea
- )principal (primary) bronchi
- )lobar (secondary ) bronchi
- )segmental (tertiary) bronchi
- )bronchiole
- ) terminal bronchiole
- )respiratory duct
- )alveolar duct
- )alveolar sac
- )alveoli
where are the lungs located ?
in the thoraces cavity
what cavity surrounds each lung separately ?
pleural cavity
what is the lung protected by?
rib cage and intercostal muscle
how many lobes / fissures does each lung have ?
the right lung has 3 lobes divided by 2 fissures while the left lung has 2 lobes separated by 1 fissure
what is present in the upper lobe of the left lung?
C shaped curve which is called cardiac notch below the lingual
list the most anterior , posterior and inferior structures in regards to the hilum.
the most anterior is the superior pulmonary vein
the most inferior is the inferior pulmonary vein
the most posterior is the branches
what is the Bronchopulmonary segment
Pyramidal area of lung aerated by tertiary bronchus.
discus the covering of the lung
Lungs are covered by visceral pleura while parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall.
Parietal pleura has 4 parts:
Costal, cervical, mediastinal and diaphragmatic.
