Respiratory system

Question 1

What is the inlet and outlet of the thorax ?

Answer 1

the in inlet is the superior part of the thorax while the outlet is the inferior part of it

Question 2

what is the mediastinum and where is it located ?

Answer 2

it is the middle space in the thoracic cavity between 2 pleural sacs and lungs

Question 3

how is the mediastinum divided?

Answer 3

the mediastinum is divided into superior and inferior by an imaginary line that runs from the L4 vertebrae to the angle of the sternum

Question 4

what does the upper respiratory system consist of?

Answer 4

the nose and the pharynx

Question 5

what does the lower respiratory system consist of?

Answer 5

1.)trachea
2.)larynx
3.)bronchi
4.)bronchioles
5,)lungs

Question 6

what is the conducting zone?

Answer 6

the conducting some consists of all the airways that carry air into the lungs and it includes the nose , pharynx , trachea , larynx , bronchiole , bronchioles , and terminal bronchioles

Question 7

what is the respiratory zone ?

Answer 7

sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs . it includes the respiratory bronchioles , alveolar ducts , alveolar sacs , and alveoli

Question 8

list all the parts of the structure if the nose.

Answer 8

1. ) root
2. ) bridge
3. )dorsum nasi
4. )ala of the nose
5. ) apex
6. ) philtrum
7. )external nostrils 9bounded laterally by alea)

Question 9

each half of the nasal cavity has 4 walls. list these 4 walls.

Answer 9

roof; ethmoid bone

floor:hard and soft pallet

medial wall :nasal septum

lateral wall : 3 conchae (elevations ) and 3 meatuses (depressions )

Question 10

what are para nasal sinuses ?

Answer 10

hollow cavities lined with mucous membrane

Question 11

where are the para nasal sinuses located?

Answer 11

1. )sphenoid
2. )3 ethmoid
3. ) maxillary and frontal bones

Question 12

what Is the function of the para nasal sinuses ?

Answer 12

they produce mucous to moisten the air

resonance chambers for speech

lighten weight of the skull

Question 13

what is the pharynx ?

Answer 13

funnel shaped tube of skeletal muscle that connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly and connects the larynx and esophagus inferiorly .

Question 14

where is the pharynx located ?

Answer 14

it extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra

Question 15

what are the pharynx’s 3 regions

Answer 15

1. )nasopahrynx
2. )oropharynx
3. )laryngophaynx

Question 16

what does the larynx connect to superiorly and posteriorly ?

Answer 16

the larynx opens into the laryngopharynx superiorly and continues with the trachea posteriorly

Question 17

what are the functions of the larynx ?

Answer 17

provide an air way

act as a switching mechanism to route air and food into their proper channels

function in voice production

Question 18

the larynx contains 9 cartilages . how many of those are paired and how many fo them are unpaired?

Answer 18

the larynx contains 3 paired cartilages and 3 unpaired cartilages

Question 19

list all 3 paired cartilages in the larynx .

Answer 19

arytenoid

corniculate

cuneiform

Question 20

list all 3 Unpaired cartilages in the larynx .

Answer 20

epiglottic
thyroid
cricoid

Question 21

what is the largest cartilage present in the larynx?

Answer 21

thyroid

Question 22

what is another name for the larynx?

Answer 22

voie box

Question 23

what is another name for the wind pipe?

Answer 23

trachea

Question 24

what is the trachea?

Answer 24

a though flexible tube running from the larynx to the bronchi

Question 25

what parts of the trachea are covered by muscles ?

Answer 25

the front of the trachea is covered by cartilage while the back is covered by muscles

Question 26

how does the trachea connect to the lungs?

Answer 26

the trachea branches into right and left bronchi .

Question 27

what is the hilus / hilum?

Answer 27

it is the wedge shaped area on the central position of each lung where bronchi , arteries , veins and nerves enter and leave

Question 28

show, in the correct order , the route air takes to get to the lungs

Answer 28

1. )trachea
2. )principal (primary) bronchi
3. )lobar (secondary ) bronchi
4. )segmental (tertiary) bronchi
5. )bronchiole
6. ) terminal bronchiole
7. )respiratory duct
8. )alveolar duct
9. )alveolar sac
10. )alveoli

Question 29

where are the lungs located ?

Answer 29

in the thoraces cavity

Question 30

what cavity surrounds each lung separately ?

Answer 30

pleural cavity

Question 31

what is the lung protected by?

Answer 31

rib cage and intercostal muscle

Question 32

how many lobes / fissures does each lung have ?

Answer 32

the right lung has 3 lobes divided by 2 fissures while the left lung has 2 lobes separated by 1 fissure

Question 33

what is present in the upper lobe of the left lung?

Answer 33

C shaped curve which is called cardiac notch below the lingual

Question 34

list the most anterior , posterior and inferior structures in regards to the hilum.

Answer 34

the most anterior is the superior pulmonary vein

the most inferior is the inferior pulmonary vein

the most posterior is the branches

Question 35

what is the Bronchopulmonary segment

Answer 35

Pyramidal area of lung aerated by tertiary bronchus.

Question 36

discus the covering of the lung

Answer 36

Lungs are covered by visceral pleura while parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall.
Parietal pleura has 4 parts:
Costal, cervical, mediastinal and diaphragmatic.