cardiovascular system Flashcards
where is the heart in the body?
middle mediastinum
what is 1.) anterior 2.) posterior 3.)inferior and 4.)lateral to the heart?
- )sternum
- )vertebral column
- )diaphram
- )lung and pleur
what is the heart enclosed in?
pericardium
what does peicardium consist of?
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
what is the pericardial cavity ?
potential space between parietal and viscreal layers of serous pericardium (contains thin film that allows the heart to beat in a frictionless environment.
list all borders of the heart.
right border: right atrium
inferior border: right ventricle and left ventricle
left border: left ventricle and left auricle
superior border : left atrium and right atrium
list all surfaces of the heart
anterior (sterno-costal): right atrium , right ventricle , and left ventricle
inferior (diaphragmatic):right ventricle and left ventricle
right pulmonary surface: right atrium
left pulmonary surface: left ventricle and left auricle
posterior: base
what kind of valve is present between the right atrium and ventricle?
tricuspid valve
atrio-ventricular valve
what valve is present between the left atrium and left ventricle?
dicuspid valve or mitral valve (atrio-ventricular valve)
what valve exists between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
pulmonary valve . which allows blood to pass from heart to lung to get oxygenated (semilunar valve )
what valve exists between the left ventricle and aortic artery ?
aortic valve.
blood flow starts with the right atrium . where does the deoxygenated blood that ends up in the right atrium come from?
once oxygen is delivered to the rest of the body cells and the blood becomes deoxygenated it enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cova
what artery is responsible with supplying the heart with blood to keep it functioning ?
coronary sinus
what vein is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the left atrium?
pulmonary vein (only vein to carry oxygenated blood)
what artery is responsible for delivering deoxygenated blood to lungs?
pulmonary artery (only artery that carries deoxygenated blood)
what does the left ventricle do?
pump oxygenated blood to the rest to the body through aorta.
briefly describe blood flow through heart.
blood enters the right atrium which then passes it to the right ventricle
the right ventricle then pumps the blood to the lungs to get oxygenated.
oxygenated blood comes back to the left atrium and then flows into left ventricle
left ventricle then pumps blood to the entire body through the aorta
what is pulmonary circulation
is the part of circulation that includes deoxygenated blood leaving the heart through the right ventricle and arriving at the lungs to be oxygenated. once that happens the blood is returned to the left atrium
what is systemic circulation
systemic circulation carries blood to all body tissues . it delivers oxygen and nutrients while picking up co2 and waste products
what is the pulmonary trunk ?
vessel that splits into left and right pulmonary arteries
what are some characteristics of arteries?
thick
muscular
carry oxygenated
blood(except for pulmonary arteries)
what are capillaries
one cell thick vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients while absorbing waste products to and from cells
what are some characteristics of veins
thin walled vessels
carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (except for pulmonary veins)
contain connective tissue and smooth muscle
found near skeletal muscles
What is atherosclerosis
disease affecting arterial blood vessels .
caused by build up of cholesterol
leads to clogs and hypertension (highblood pressure) which causes heart attacks.
