Digestive system

Question 1

what is the alimentary canal?

Answer 1

gastrointestinal tract: is the muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus . it includes the mouth , pharynx , esophagus , stomach , small intestine , and large intestine .

Question 2

what are the accessory digestive organs ?

Answer 2

organs that secrete saliva , bile , and digestive enzymes that all contribute to the break down of food . these organs are not part of the alimentary canal but are part of the digestive system . accessory digestive organs include : salivary glands , gallbladder , liver , and pancreas .

Question 3

what are cheeks formed by?

Answer 3

buccinator muscle that is covered with skin and lined with mucous membrane .

Question 4

what is the vestibule?

Answer 4

area between gums and cheek

Question 5

how many deciduous teeth do humans have ?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

how many permenant teeth do we have?

Answer 6

32

Question 7

what are the parts of the tooth?

Answer 7

crown :exposed part , formed of dentine covered by enamel

neck: middle part
root: lies within the alveolar processes (dentine covered by cementum ) and connected to alveolar bone with periodontal ligament

pulp cavity : located within the dentine and contains nerves , vessels

Question 8

what is the rough surface of the tongue called and why is it rough?

Answer 8

the dorsal surface is rough because it contains papillae (taste receptors

Question 9

what is the smooth surface of the tongue ?

Answer 9

the ventral surface is anchored to the floor of the mouth through the frenulum

Question 10

list the 3 salivary glands .

Answer 10

1. ) parotid gland
2. )sublingual gland
3. ) submandibular gland

Question 11

describe the parotid gland .

Answer 11

1.) parotid gland : largest salivary gland , located anterior to the auricle , duct opens into vestibule of mouth opposite to the upper 2nd molar tooth.

Question 12

describe the sublingual gland .

Answer 12

2.)sublingual gland : smallest , located below the tongue , has multiple ducts

Question 13

describe the submandibular gland.

Answer 13

3.) submandibular gland : placed near the base of the mandible , duct opens into the mouth cavity on either side of the frenulum of the tongue

Question 14

what are faces ?

Answer 14

constricted parts between nasopharynx and oropharynx , a ring of lymphoid tissue lies at this junction

Question 15

what is the esophagus’ muscular wall formed by?

Answer 15

both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers

Question 16

what are the 3 parts the esophagus ?

Answer 16

cervical

thoracic

abdominal

Question 17

where does the esophagus naturally constrict?

Answer 17

at its beginning ,

where is is crossed by the left bronchi

and at the diaphragmatic hiatus

Question 18

where is the stomach located ?

Answer 18

left hypocondrium and epigastrium

Question 19

where does the eosophagus end and the stomach start?

Answer 19

the cardiac orifice

Question 20

what is the region above the cardiac orifice?

Answer 20

the fundus

Question 21

what part of the stomach includes the antrum and canal and ends in duodenum?

Answer 21

pylorus

Question 22

what is the simple epithelium inside the stomach called?

Answer 22

mucosa

Question 23

describe the muscles inside the stomach.

Answer 23

has 3 layers of smooth muscles . muscle is thickened at the pyloric end to form pyloric sphincter .

Question 24

describe the structure of the small intestines

Answer 24

mucosa is thrown into circular folds , and it posses villi

Question 25

what are the main parts of the small intestine ?

Answer 25

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

Question 26

describe the structure of the duodenum .

Answer 26

c shaped with pancreases in its curvature . divided into 4 main parts . bile duct and main pancreatic duct open on the major duodenal papilla .
it digests food through the action of pancreatic enzymes and bile .

Question 27

describe the structure of the jejunum .

Answer 27

middle part , is 2.5 m in length

Question 28

describe the structure of the ileum,

Answer 28

3.5m in length , less number of circular folds , has peers patches. absorbs carbohydrates , proteins and fats .

Question 29

where are the ileum and jejunum suspended from?

Answer 29

the posterior wall of the abdominal wall by a fold of peritoneum called mesentery

Question 30

what is the liver?

Answer 30

largest gland in the human body . it lies in the right hypochondriac and epigastrium and consists of 2 lobes

Question 31

what is the gall bladder?

Answer 31

muscular secreting in a shallow depression on the liver . stores and dumps bile into duodenum through bile duct .