parotid gland

Question 1

where is the parotid region located ?

Answer 1

the lateral side of the face . it is located between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process , it is anterior too and inferior to the lower ear . it extends down to the lower border of the mandible and up the zygomatic notch

Question 2

list and describe the 2 ends of the parotid gland .

Answer 2

base : has 3 structures that escape from it

1. )auriculotemporal nerve
2. )superficial-temporal vessels
3. ) temporal branch of facial nerve
   apex: 3 structures also escape from it .

2 divisions of the retromandibular vein

cervical branch of facial nerve

Question 3

list and describe all 3 borders of the parotid gland .

Answer 3

1.)anterior border :overlaps masseter musscle

beneath it appears the zygomatic , buccal , and mandibular branches of the facial nerve and the parotid duct

2. )posterior border : overlaps sternomastoid muscle ( which is visible from the neck when turning ur head
3. )medial border: reaches the pharynx

Question 4

list and describe all 3 surfaces of the parotid gland.

Answer 4

1.) lateral surface : skin
superficial fascia containing branches of great auricular nerve and superficial parotid lymph nodes.

2. ) antero-medial surface : is grooved by the posterior border of the mandibular ramus between 2 muscles (the masseter and medial pterygoid).
3. )postero-medial surface :fits over mastoid process between 2 muscles ( sternomastoid and posterior belly of digastric ) more deeply it is related to the styloid process and its muscles ( stylohyoid , styloglossus ,and stylopharynegus ) seperating it from carotid sheath.

Question 5

what 2 muscles are attached to the ramus of the mandible ?

Answer 5

the masseter and medial pterygoid.

Question 6

what are the 2 muscles that are around the mastoid process ?

Answer 6

sternomastoid and posterior belly of digastric .

Question 7

what are the 3 muscles of the styloid process?

Answer 7

stylohyoid , styloglossus and stylopharynegus

Question 8

how is the parotid gland divided?

Answer 8

into superficial lobe and deep lobe

Question 9

list and describe the 3 structure within the parotid gland.

Answer 9

1.)external parotid artery :is the deepest structure of the gland .

it ascends through the lower part of the posteromedial surface of the parotid gland.

. it divides into maxillary (escapes through antereomedial surface ) and superficial temporal arteries

2.)retromandibular vein (posterior facial ): is Is formed by the union of maxillary (enters through the anteromedial surface) and superficial temporal veins.

It emerges from the lower end of the gland as anterior and posterior divisions

it is intermediate between the deep external carotid and the superficial facial nerve

3..)facial nerve :it enters the gland through the upper posterior part of the posteromedial surface .

hit is superficial to both the artery and the vein .

it emerges through the anterior border of the gland , giving its 5 terminal branches

Question 10

what other name does the parotid duct have?

Answer 10

Stenson’s duct (5cm length , 3 cm width)

Question 11

where does the parotid duct emerge from?

Answer 11

it emerges from the anterior border of the parotid gland

Question 12

what structures does the parotid duct pierce ?

Answer 12

buccal pad of fat

buccipharyngel fascia

buccinator muscle

Question 13

where does the parotid duct open ?

Answer 13

into the vestibule of the mouth at the upper second molar tooth

Question 14

what structures is the parotid capsule divided into?

Answer 14

inner true: condensation of the fibrous stroma of the gland

outer false capsule (parotid sheath):splitting of the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia

it is formed by deep and superficial lamellae

Question 15

what is the parotid capsule derived from?

Answer 15

the deep cervical fascia which splits superiorly to enclose the gland

Question 16

what are the superficial and deep layers of the capsule attached too?

Answer 16

the superficial layer of the capsule Is attached to the zygomatic arch while the deep layer is attached to the mandible and styloid process

Question 17

what does the deep layer of the capsule form between the styloid process and the angle of the mandible ?

Answer 17

the deep layer thickens to form the style-mandibular ligament which intervenes between the parotid and submandibular glands

Question 18

what is responsible for supplying the capsule of the parotid gland with nerves?

Answer 18

the great auricular nerve

Question 19

what is responsible for supplying the parenchyma with nerves?

Answer 19

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular of trigeminal)

Question 20

autonomic nerve supply and parotid capsule???? ask.

Answer 20

.

Question 21

where do veins from the parotid gland drain to?

Answer 21

external jugular vein

Question 22

where does the parotid gland originate from?

Answer 22

the external parotid artery and from its branches that are adjacent to the gland