Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Physiology > Respiratory Quiz > Flashcards

Respiratory Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

how do nasal passages condition the air entering the body?

A

by warming, humidification, and filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are sinuses?

A

outpouchings of nasal passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does the nasal septum divide?

A

from right to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the hard palate divide?

A

the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the turbinates?

A

they are lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and composed of dorsal and ventral conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the common passageway for the gi and respiratory tracts?

A

the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the larynx?

A

the voice box, it prevents inhalation of foreign material and controls air to and from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the larynx supported by?

A

the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what path does the pharynx take?

A

it opens to the esophagus as it moves caudally, the esophagus then turns left as it moves to the stomach, the pharynx turns into the larynx as it moves ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the epiglottis do?

A

it projects forward in the larynx and prevents debris from entering the glottis; it also helps to build pressure to cough, give birth or to expel feces/urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are arytenoids?

A

they attach to vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the trachea composed of?

A

fibrous tissue and smooth muscle lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium; cilia move debris to larynx and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what holds the trachea open?

A

rings of cartilage, the dorsum of trachea open and are covered with smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the lower respiratory tract turn into?

A

the bronchial tree, bronchus to small bronchi, bronchi to bronchioles, then tiny bronchioles into alveolar ducts into alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what can alter the diameter of airways?

A

smooth muscle fibers controlled by the norepinephrine in the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what can cause severe bronchoconstriction?

A

irritants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are alveoli lined with?

A

1 thin layer of squamous epithelium that allows for easy diffusion of gases down their concentration gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does surfactant do?

A

it reduces surface tension between water molecules that are attracted to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the sides of the lungs?

A

the apex faces cranially, the base faces caudally, and the lateral surfaces lies adjacent to the thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the mediastinum?

A

the area in between the lungs that houses the heart, blood vessels, nerves, trachea, esophagus, and lymph nodes/vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the hilus?

A

where the airway, blood/lymph nerves enter and exit lungs and where they are anchored in the thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

when do newborn lungs expand?

A

not just at birth, not until the newborn takes its first breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does pulmonary circulation work?

A

blood vessels follow and branch with airways; O2 in the body and CO2 out via the pulmonary artery and then into arterioles which then branch into capillaries around the alveoli then to venules then veins then pulmonary vein that enters the left atrium

24
Q

what is the thorax lined with?

A

visceral pleura covers thoracic organs; parietal pleura lines the cavity; and pleural fluid allows lungs to slide against thoracic wall during respiration

25
Q

what does the thorax contain?

A

the heart, lungs, mediastinum, large vessels, and lymphatic structures, trachea, and esophagus

26
Q

what is the diaphram

A

composed of skeletal muscle that contracts with external intercostal muscles to cause inspiration

27
Q

what areas does the thorax border?

A

the thoracic vertebrae dorsally, ribs laterally, and the sternum ventrally

28
Q

which side of the diaphragm do the lung bases lie?

A

the convex cranial surface

29
Q

how does inspiration work?

A

it enlarges the thoracic volume by contracting to flatten and push abdominal organs caudally

30
Q

how does exhalation work?

A

it decreases the thoracic volume, causing the diaphragm to resume its normal shape with abdominal organs moving cranially to contract the caudal diaphragmatic surface

31
Q

what is the negative pressure of the thorax related to?

A

the atmospheric pressure

32
Q

what is negative pressure?

A

a partial vacuum that pulls lungs tightly against the thoracic wall, it allows air to be pulled into the lungs

33
Q

when does negative pressure in the lungs increase?

A

with inhalation, when the thoracic wall moves, the lungs follow along, which also allows large volumes of blood to return to veins filling the heart

34
Q

what are the muscles of respiration?

A

inhalation is the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles, and expiration is the internal intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles

35
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

the amount of air in one breath, inhalation and exhalation

36
Q

what is minute volume?

A

the air inspired and expired per minute; MV= TV x BPM

37
Q

what is residual volume?

A

the air remaining in the respiratory tract after maximum exhalation

38
Q

what is dead space?

A

the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in gas exchange

39
Q

where does gas exchange take place?

A

in the alveoli, gas must cross the thin layer of alveolar and capillary cells which are both squamous

40
Q

what does the alveolar capillaries contain?

A

high levels of CO2 and low levels of O2 because O2 diffuses into capillaries from the alveoli to the alveoli capillaries

41
Q

why does O2 diffuse down its concentration gradient into the capillaries of the lungs?

A

because the O2 in the lungs is low at 40 mm Hg but high in the atmosphere at 100 mm Hg

42
Q

what does the alveolus contain?

A

low levels of CO2 and high levels of O2 because CO2 diffuses from alveolar capillaries into the alveolus

43
Q

why does CO2 diffuse down its concentration gradient out of the lungs?

A

because the CO2 is high in the atmosphere but low in the alveoli

44
Q

what does the difference in partial pressure mean?

A

that each gas will travel down its own concentration gradient via diffusion

45
Q

what is the partial pressure of O2 air in an alveolus?

A

100 mm Hg

46
Q

what is the partial pressure of O2 air in capillaries?

A

40 mm Hg

47
Q

what is the partial pressure of CO2 air in capillaries?

A

45 mm Hg

48
Q

what is the partial pressure of CO2 air in alveolus?

A

40 mm Hg

49
Q

where is the respiratory center of the CNS located?

A

the medullar oblongata of the brain stem

50
Q

what can cause acidosis?

A

too much CO2

51
Q

what determines the amount of gas dissolved in liquid when exposed to a gaseous environment?

A

the partial pressure of gas in the gaseous environment

52
Q

what does mechanical control do?

A

it sets a baseline for respiratory rate and depth by using stretch receptors that provide afferent sensory feedback to the brain and sends efferent signals to respiratory muscles that then contract accordingly

53
Q

what does chemical control do?

A

makes adjustments as needed

54
Q

what do baroreceptors do?

A

they are carotid body and aortic bodies that detect CO2 content, pH level, and O2 concent

55
Q

what does a slight decrease in O2 do?

A

causes the brain to send signals to increase RR and depth

56
Q

what does an excessive increase in O2 do?

A

it decreases neuronal response due to hypoxia

Animal Physiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions