Hormones Flashcards
growth hormone (GH)
- located in the anterior pituitary
- promotes bone and muscle growth primarily in young animals
- target all body cells
prolactin
- located in the anterior pituitary
- helps trigger and maintain lactation in stimulated nursing females
- targets female mammary gland
thyroid stimulating hormone (TH)
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- thyroid hormone production
- targets the thyroid gland
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- adrenocortical hormone production
- targets adrenal cortex
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- oogenesis in the female; spermatogenesis in the male
- targets female ovaries (follicles); male testis (seminiferous tubules)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
- located in anterior pituitary gland
- ovulation and corpus luteum production in females; testosterone production in males
- targets female ovaries (follicle/corpus luteum); male testis (interstitial/leydig cells)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- located posterior pituitary gland
- controls water conservation
- targets the kidneys
oxytocin
- located posterior pituitary gland
- stimulates contraction at parturition and milk let down
- targets female uterus and mammary glands
thyroid hormone
- located in the thyroid gland
- controls growth and metabilic regulation
- targets all body cells
calcitonin
- located in the thyroid gland
- works with parathyroid hormone to prevent hypercalcemia
- targets bones
parathyroid hormone
- located in the parathyroid gland
- works with calcitonin to prevent hypercalcemia
- targets kidneys, intestines, bones
epinephrine/norepinephrine
- located in the adrenal medulla
- part of the fight or flight response
- targets the whole body
insulin
- located in the pancreas
- stimulates movement of glucose into cells and its use for energy
- targets all body cells
glucagon
- located in the pancreas
- increases blood glucose
- targets the whole body
androgens (male sex hormones)
- located in the testis
- anabolic effect, helps trigger development of male secondary sex characteristics
- targets whole body
estrogens (female sex hormones)
- located in the ovaries in females, and the sertoli cells in males
- helps prepare the body for breeding and pregnancy
- targets the whole body
progesterone
- located in the corpus luteum
- helps prepare the body for pregnancy and the maintenance of it
- targets the uterus
relaxin
- located in the placenta, uterus, or corpus luteum depending on the species
- causes ligaments between the bones surrounding the birth canal to soften and relax
- targets the birth canal
erythropoietin
- located in the kidneys
- increases production of red blood cells; the hormones production is stimulated by hypoxia
- targets red bone marrow
prostaglandin
- located in the placenta
- causes the corpus luteum to regress; can cause abortion released or injected before birth
- targets the corpus luteum
renin (enzyme)
- located in the juxtaglomerular cells within the kidney
- splits angiotensin I from angiotensin
- part of blood pressure regulation
hormones produced in the adrenal cortex
under the direction of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoid, mineral corticoid, and sex hormones
hormones produced in the adrenal medulla
hormone secreting cells are modified neurons that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the bloodstream
glucocorticoid hormones
effect blood glucose levels, typically cause them to rise
mineral corticoid hormones
regulate the levels of some important electrolytes
sex hormones
androgens and estrogens produced by the adrenal gland cortex
aldosterone
- located in the adrenal gland cortex
- the principle mineral corticoid hormone; it affects the levels of Na, K, and H in the body
- targets the kidney
