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Physiology > Respiratory Physiology 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the process of exchange between atmosphere down to the pulmonary circulation

A

External respiration

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2
Q

Why is ventilation different to external respiration

A

Ventilation is only movement down the conducting systems rather than the exchange into the circulation

ER includes both and exchange

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3
Q

What is internal respiration

A

Exchange of gas from the blood to the tissues via the capillary beds

Gas exchanged from respiring tissues back to the heart via vein (co2)

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4
Q

How is the left lobe different to right lobe

A

Right lobe has 3 sections

Superior , middle and inferior

Left has 2

Superior and inferior

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5
Q

What is the space called at the left lung where heart lays

A

Cardiac notch

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6
Q

What are the conducting systems

A

Area where sir in carried down from atmosphere

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7
Q

What is the upper respiratory conducting system

A

Nasal and oral cavity

Pharynx and larynx

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8
Q

What 3 things happen to the air at the pharynx and nasal cavity

A

Warming, humidifying and filtering debris

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9
Q

As well as warming and filtering what does the pharynx do

A

Prevents food going into nasal cavity

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10
Q

What is the larynx for

A

Prevents food and water going into respiratory tract

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11
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract in the conducting system consist of

A

Trachea

Primary bronchi 
Secondary 
Tertiary 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli
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12
Q

What is the importance of the branching of bronchi and bronchioles

A

Large SA/ cross sectional area for better exchange

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13
Q

Which 3 areas have ciliated epithelial cells

A

Larynx trachea and bronchi

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14
Q

Which cells produce mucus at the larynx bronchi and trachea

A

Goblet cells

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15
Q

Which substance is produced by ciliated epithelial cells to make mucus less viscous for removal

A

Saline

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16
Q

What is the removal of mucus via cilia called

A

Mucociliary escalator system

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17
Q

Why can’t saline be produced in peiple with CF

A

Their CFTR protein mutation

can’t transport Cl/ na and water out of the epithelial cell to produce saline

Mucus gets stuck

18
Q

What is the trachea supported by

A

C ring cartilage

19
Q

Why is c ring cartilage important in trachea

A

Makes it flexible for ventilation

20
Q

What is the posterior of trachea made of and why is it important

A

Elastic and smooth muscle for expansion for oesophageal swallowing

21
Q

How is cartilage in bronchi different

A

Full rings

22
Q

Name 3 structural differences for bronchioles

A

NO cartilage

No ciliated epithelial cells

Much more smooth muscle

23
Q

What is the area called where alveoli exchange occurs

A

Respiratory zone

24
Q

Which artery brings deox blood to the respiratory zone where it branches into capillaries around alveoli

A

Pulmonary artery

25
Q

What does bronchioles branch off into at the respiratory zone

A

2+ alveolar ducts / clumps

26
Q

What surrounds the alveoli

A

Elastic fibres

27
Q

Which cells line the alveoli one cell thick

A

Type 1 and 2 alveolar epithelial cells

28
Q

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 alveolar cells

A

Type 1- thin and small for exchange of gases

Type 2- thicker but smaller

29
Q

What do type 2 cells produce

A

Surfactant

30
Q

What in alveoli allows removal of pathogens

A

Macrophages

31
Q

What allows reduction of diffusion pathway between type 1 and endothelial cells of capillaries

A

Fusion between the basement membrane of type 1 and the endothelial cells

32
Q

Why is inspiration an active process

A

Include contraction of both external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm to increase volume

33
Q

What are the 3 pressures involved in ventilation

A

Atmospheric

Intrapulmonary

Intrapleural

34
Q

What is intrapulmonary pressure and what happens to it in respect to ventilation

A

Pressure inside alveoli / lungs

This increases when the volume decreases in expiration
Exceeds atmospheric pressure

35
Q

What is intrapleural pressure

A

Pressure within the pleural cavity (also increases with expiration but decreases with inspiration)

36
Q

When does intrapulmonary pressure reach equilibrium with atmospheric

A

Between breaths

37
Q

What is the pleural cavity

A

Membrane surrounding the lungs filled with fluid

38
Q

What is the importance of the pleural cavity

A

Allows holding or moving past of chest wall and lung

39
Q

Is intrapleural pressure always smaller than atmospheric

A

Yes

40
Q

What is elastic recoil

A

Ability of chest wall to recoil

Ability of the lung to recoil

41
Q

In inspiration what happens regarding the pleural cavity and pressure

A

The chest wall pushes from the lungs which causes lowered intrapleural pressure

Lungs can inflate as atmospheric pressure exceeds intrapulmonary and intra pleural

42
Q

Why does pleural pressure increase in expiration

A

The recoiling of the chest wall back to pushing the lungs inwards

Cause increase exceeding atmospheric pressure

This causes exhalation

Physiology (31 decks)

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