Blood Components Flashcards
Name the 7 main functions of blood
1- Gas transport and exchange - co2+o2
2- maintaining body temp: removes heat via skin
3- distributing solutes
4- blood clotting + sealing blood vessels (platelets)
5- immune function (leukocytes and immune proteins)
6- maintaining BP via blood volume regulated at kidneys
7- plasma as a buffer (acid base homeostasis)
Name the 3 cell types in blood
Erythrocytes- RBCs
Leukocytes - WBCs
Thrombocytes- platelets
How much % of blood is plasma
55%
What is the hematocrit
Cell volume of RBCs in the blood
How much leukocytes and thrombocytes in blood (buffy coat)
1%
Which substance seperates blood contents in tube
Anticoagulant
Why are RBCs at the bottom of tube when blood is seperated
Because they contain Fe
What are the 2 main functions of plasma
Thermoregulation
Transport of molecules and gases
Why is high h20 content in plasma important for thermoregulation (90%)
It has high thermal capacity which means it can carry heat to the skin surface when too hot
Name the 3 plasma proteins present and which is most abundant
1- albumins : MOST
2- globulins a b y d
3- clotting (fibrinogen)
What is albumin most important role and where is it made
Made in liver
It’s important in osmoregulation
It carries steroid hormones and Lipids too which are hydrophobic (can’t mix in plasma)
What are globulin role in the body
Transport ions(like fe), Lipids and hormones
Also make up immune proteins like antibodies
Where are clotting proteins (fibrinogen) made and their purpose
Made in liver
Needed for blood clotting
Why can plasma cancer cells be identified compared to normal via gel electrophoresis
Because there will be a different amount of globulins, fibrinogen or albumin
Other than plasma proteins and water, what else is in plasma
Dissolved molecules like:
Nutrients (aa, Lipids, glucose)
Waste (biliruben), urea etc
Gases o2 and co2
Hormones
Why is erythrocytes biconcave shape important
Large sa:v ratio
Short diffusion pathway for o2 and co2 to lungs
How long do RBCs last until death
120 days
Why don’t rbc use oxygen themselves
No organelles like mt to use it for respiration
What is the mean cell volume (hemotacrit) measured in
Femtolitres
What is small rbc anemia called
Microcytic fe anemia
What is large rbc anemia called
Macrocytic anemia (less of them)
Which bone marrow stem cells differentiate into different blood cells
Multipotent haematopoietic stem cells
After the haematopoietic stem cells what is the next 2 divisions
Common myeloid progenitor
Lymphoid progenitor
What is made by the common myeloid progenitor
Megakaryocytes
Rbc
Mast cell
Myeloblast
What does a megakaryocyte produce
Thrombocytes/ platelets
What does a myeloblast produce which then produces macrophages and dendritic cells
Monocyte
What does a lymphoid progenitor produce
Killer cells
Lymphocytes (T and B)
Why cells by the lymphoid progenitor produces plasma cells
B lymphocytes
Which cell produces WBCs from the common myeloid progenitor
Myeloblast
What is the formation of RBCs called
Erythropoiesis
Explain the steps of erythropoiesis
Haematopoietic stem cells turn into
Erythrocyte CFU turn into
Pro erythroblasts turn into
Early erythroblasts turn into
Late erythroblasts into
Reticulocytes leave and enter blood as erythrocytes
Which hormone released by the kidney allows pro erythroblasts to turn into early erythroblasts
Erythropoietin
At what point is haemoglobin produced
At the early erythroblasts stage
When do nucleus and organelles eject forming rbc
Late erythroblasts
What regulates erythropoiesis
Low 02 (hypoxia)
Kidney detects it and releases more erythropoietin
More pro erythroblasts form into early erythroblasts
What happens at the end of life for erythrocytes rbc
They get phagocytosed in the liver and spleen
The heme from the Hb is recycled
Proteins and globins (from Hb) get broken down into amino acids
What happens to the fe in heme when RBCs die
Gets converted to ferritin in the liver by transport by transferrin
What happens to heme with no fe in it
Gets turned into biliverdin then into bilirubin and secreted in bile
