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Physiology > Blood Components > Flashcards

Blood Components Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 main functions of blood

A

1- Gas transport and exchange - co2+o2

2- maintaining body temp: removes heat via skin

3- distributing solutes

4- blood clotting + sealing blood vessels (platelets)

5- immune function (leukocytes and immune proteins)

6- maintaining BP via blood volume regulated at kidneys

7- plasma as a buffer (acid base homeostasis)

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2
Q

Name the 3 cell types in blood

A

Erythrocytes- RBCs

Leukocytes - WBCs

Thrombocytes- platelets

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3
Q

How much % of blood is plasma

A

55%

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4
Q

What is the hematocrit

A

Cell volume of RBCs in the blood

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5
Q

How much leukocytes and thrombocytes in blood (buffy coat)

A

1%

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6
Q

Which substance seperates blood contents in tube

A

Anticoagulant

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7
Q

Why are RBCs at the bottom of tube when blood is seperated

A

Because they contain Fe

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8
Q

What are the 2 main functions of plasma

A

Thermoregulation

Transport of molecules and gases

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9
Q

Why is high h20 content in plasma important for thermoregulation (90%)

A

It has high thermal capacity which means it can carry heat to the skin surface when too hot

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10
Q

Name the 3 plasma proteins present and which is most abundant

A

1- albumins : MOST

2- globulins a b y d

3- clotting (fibrinogen)

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11
Q

What is albumin most important role and where is it made

A

Made in liver

It’s important in osmoregulation

It carries steroid hormones and Lipids too which are hydrophobic (can’t mix in plasma)

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12
Q

What are globulin role in the body

A

Transport ions(like fe), Lipids and hormones

Also make up immune proteins like antibodies

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13
Q

Where are clotting proteins (fibrinogen) made and their purpose

A

Made in liver

Needed for blood clotting

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14
Q

Why can plasma cancer cells be identified compared to normal via gel electrophoresis

A

Because there will be a different amount of globulins, fibrinogen or albumin

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15
Q

Other than plasma proteins and water, what else is in plasma

A

Dissolved molecules like:

Nutrients (aa, Lipids, glucose)
Waste (biliruben), urea etc
Gases o2 and co2

Hormones

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16
Q

Why is erythrocytes biconcave shape important

A

Large sa:v ratio

Short diffusion pathway for o2 and co2 to lungs

17
Q

How long do RBCs last until death

A

120 days

18
Q

Why don’t rbc use oxygen themselves

A

No organelles like mt to use it for respiration

19
Q

What is the mean cell volume (hemotacrit) measured in

A

Femtolitres

20
Q

What is small rbc anemia called

A

Microcytic fe anemia

21
Q

What is large rbc anemia called

A

Macrocytic anemia (less of them)

22
Q

Which bone marrow stem cells differentiate into different blood cells

A

Multipotent haematopoietic stem cells

23
Q

After the haematopoietic stem cells what is the next 2 divisions

A

Common myeloid progenitor

Lymphoid progenitor

24
Q

What is made by the common myeloid progenitor

A

Megakaryocytes

Rbc

Mast cell

Myeloblast

25
Q

What does a megakaryocyte produce

A

Thrombocytes/ platelets

26
Q

What does a myeloblast produce which then produces macrophages and dendritic cells

A

Monocyte

27
Q

What does a lymphoid progenitor produce

A

Killer cells

Lymphocytes (T and B)

28
Q

Why cells by the lymphoid progenitor produces plasma cells

A

B lymphocytes

29
Q

Which cell produces WBCs from the common myeloid progenitor

A

Myeloblast

30
Q

What is the formation of RBCs called

A

Erythropoiesis

31
Q

Explain the steps of erythropoiesis

A

Haematopoietic stem cells turn into

Erythrocyte CFU turn into

Pro erythroblasts turn into

Early erythroblasts turn into

Late erythroblasts into

Reticulocytes leave and enter blood as erythrocytes

32
Q

Which hormone released by the kidney allows pro erythroblasts to turn into early erythroblasts

A

Erythropoietin

33
Q

At what point is haemoglobin produced

A

At the early erythroblasts stage

34
Q

When do nucleus and organelles eject forming rbc

A

Late erythroblasts

35
Q

What regulates erythropoiesis

A

Low 02 (hypoxia)

Kidney detects it and releases more erythropoietin

More pro erythroblasts form into early erythroblasts

36
Q

What happens at the end of life for erythrocytes rbc

A

They get phagocytosed in the liver and spleen

The heme from the Hb is recycled

Proteins and globins (from Hb) get broken down into amino acids

37
Q

What happens to the fe in heme when RBCs die

A

Gets converted to ferritin in the liver by transport by transferrin

38
Q

What happens to heme with no fe in it

A

Gets turned into biliverdin then into bilirubin and secreted in bile

Physiology (31 decks)

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