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Physiology > Kidney Structure And Filtration > Flashcards

Kidney Structure And Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main blood vessels to the kidneys

A

Renal artery and Renal vein

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2
Q

What takes fluid to the kidney

A

Ureter

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3
Q

What encases the cortex and medulla

A

Capsule

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4
Q

Where does most blood flow go

A

To the renal cortex

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5
Q

Explain how blood/fluid gets to the renal columns in between medulla and cortex

A

From renal pelvis to the calyx

Calyx feeds into columns

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6
Q

How does fluid from the collecting duct get to the renal pelvis for excretion

A

Via the calyx

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of nephrons

A

Cortical nephron (mostly in cortex)

Juxtamedullary nephron (both cortex and medulla)

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8
Q

Which vessel feeds into glomerular capillaries

A

Afferent arterioles

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9
Q

Which arteriole leaves the glomerular ball of capillaries and what does it branch off into

A

Efferent arteriole

Branches off to peritubular capillaries which wrap around nephron

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10
Q

What 3 ways do kidneys regulate ions and water

A

Regulation of osmolarity/ ions

Regulation of ecf

Regulation of ph

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11
Q

Name some hormones produced by kidney

A

Erythropoietin
Thrombopoietin
Kinins (vasodilators)
Renin

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12
Q

Which 2 things kidneys produce regulate BF

A

Prostaglandins and kinins

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13
Q

Which vitamin is produced by kidney

A

D

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14
Q

What do peritubular capillaries feed into

A

Renal vein back to heart

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15
Q

What 2 things restrict filtration

A

Size and charge

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16
Q

How much of blood is filtered into glomerulus

A

20%

17
Q

What is the measure of how much blood filtered in a minute

A

Glomerular filtration rate

18
Q

What is the name for the bowmans capsule with the capillaries

A

Renal corpuscle

19
Q

What are the double membranes of bowmans capsule

A

Basement membrane

Then podocytes

20
Q

What are the gaps between podocytes called

A

Filtration sites

21
Q

What are the cells called in capillary wall

A

Fenestrated endothelial cells

22
Q

What kind of things enter nephron

A

Ions eg na cl k

Urea / waste

Water

Glucose

23
Q

Which pressure drives filtration

A

Hydrostatic pressure of blood in capillaries

24
Q

Which 2 pressures oppose filtration via HP of capillaries

A

Colloid osmotic pressure

Bowmans fluid osmotic pressure

25
Q

What does colloid osmotic pressure cause

A

Retention back into capillaries

26
Q

How do you work out net filtration pressure

A

HP in capillaries - colloid osmotic pressure- bowmans fluid HP

27
Q

How does change in resistance/ diameter of afferent arteriole affect HP in capillaries

A

Vasoconstriction causes increased resistance decreasing filtration rate / HP

Vasodilation causes increase in HP and thus filtration rate

28
Q

How does resistance / change in diameter of efferent arteriole affect HP in capillaries

A

Vasoconstriction causes back flow into capillaries

Increasing HP

Increasing filtration rate

Vasodilation of efferent decreases HP

29
Q

Which 2 things stay constant despite change in BP

A

Filtration rate and blood flow

30
Q

How does the myogenic auto regulation response cause constant GFR and BF

A

If there’s an increase in pressure it causes stretch in the muscles which causes vasoconstriction eventually

This increases resistance which decreases HP in capillaries causing lower GFR

31
Q

What is tubuloglomerular feedback

A

Where fluid flow in tubules affects arteriole resistance

32
Q

Which types of cells in the DCT can affect the A and E arteriole walls diameter

A

Macula densa cells

33
Q

What do macula densa cells release to affect GFR via resistance

A

Para crine factors

34
Q

Explain the steps of what would happen in tubuloglomerular feedback

A

Increased GFR

Increases flow in tubules past macula densa cells

Sensed by cells via na/Cl conc

They release me paracrine factors eg adenosine or atp

Causes vasoconstriction

Decreases GFR

35
Q

Adenosine and atp are vasoconstrictors from macula densa cells, what is released for vasodilation

A

NO

36
Q

How is flow in macula densa cells detected

A

Via na or Cl conc

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