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Physiology > Gut Function (I) > Flashcards

Gut Function (I) Flashcards

1
Q

What does motility mean

A

Mechanical breakdown of food

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2
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Controlled movement after motility

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3
Q

If motility is mechanical breakdown, what is digestion

A

Chemical breakdown eg via enzymes

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4
Q

Which area does no absorption take place

A

Oral cavity

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5
Q

What secretions are there by oral cavity

A

Saliva and lipase

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6
Q

What gets digested in oral cavity

A

Carbs and fats

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7
Q

What motility properties does stomach have

A

Propulsion and then peristalsis

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8
Q

What gets digested in stomach

A

Proteins and fats

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9
Q

What are the only things which get absorbed in stomach

A

Lipid soluble eg alcohol

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10
Q

How is gut regulated (3 ways)

A

Neural (ANS via vagus and enteric nervous system)

Hormonal

Local eg histamine paracrine

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11
Q

Name the 3 stages of regulation

A

Cephalic - sense, taste and sight of food

Gastric - stomach

Intestinal - intestines

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12
Q

Which digestive enzymes/proteins are there in saliva

A

Amylase for starch

R proteins (bind vitamin B12)

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13
Q

Which 2 things are in saliva for anti bacterial protection

A

Lysozymes and IG

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14
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands releasing saliva with secretions

A

Parotid

Sublingual and submandibular

Minor glands

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15
Q

What do parotid glands secrete

A

Amylase and serous in saliva

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16
Q

What do sublingual and submandibular secrete

A

Serous and mucous

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17
Q

Which 2 antibacterial GP do minor glands secrete

A

Mucins 5B and 7

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18
Q

Which cells secrete the primary secretion from salivary glands containing NA,K,CL,HCO

A

Epithelial acinar cells (from acinus)

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19
Q

What tonic position does primary secretion from acinar cells have

A

Isotonic

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20
Q

Which cells allow for secretion to become hypotonic (impermeable to water) and how

A

Duct cells

They reabsorb Cl and Na

More HCO and K is secreted in

21
Q

Which 2 CN in the PNS system cause increase saliva release

A

VII (facial) and IX (glosso)

22
Q

What is SNS saliva containing even if small saliva vol

A

Enzymes and mucous

23
Q

What is gastric emptying called

A

Chyme

24
Q

Which part of stomach is bacteriocidal

A

Pepsin

25
Q

What are the 2 sphincter muscles on stomach

A

Cardiac sphincter (top)

Pyloric sphincter (bottom)

26
Q

What is the middle part of stomach called compared to bottom of it

A

Body

Bottom part is antrum

27
Q

What increases sa of stomach

A

Rugae : Folding in epithelium

28
Q

Which 2 parts of stomach attach to enteric nervous system for control

A

Myenteric and submucosal plexus

29
Q

What covers the epithelium for protection from acid

A

Mucus and HCO

30
Q

What are folds in epithelium called

A

Gastric pits

31
Q

Which cells in the epithelium mucosa / gastric pits causes protection from acid and how

A

Mucous neck cells and surface cells

They release HCO and mucous layer for protection

32
Q

What is mucous release by mucous neck cells and surface upregulated by

A

Irritants

33
Q

Which cells release HCL gastric acid and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cells

34
Q

When do parietal cells release gastric acid and intrinsic factor

A

Gastrin released from G cells

Histamine from ECL cells (up regulates H/K pump)

Ach release via vagus and enteric neurones

35
Q

What does gastric acid secrete

A

Pepsin which is bacteriocidal and breaks down proteins

36
Q

What is intrinsic factor for

A

Complexes with B12 for absorption

37
Q

Where in the stomach are ECL cells which release histamine for gastric acid secretion

A

Body

38
Q

Which cells produce pepsin directly from pepsinogen and secrete gastric lipase for protein and fat digestion

A

Chief cells/ peptic cells

39
Q

Which 2 things stimulates chief cells

A

Ach
Secretin
Gastric acid from parietal cells

40
Q

Which substance from D cells inhibits gastric acid secretion NF via inhibiting ECL cells

A

Somatostatin

41
Q

Other than ECL and Ach from vagus what allows gastric acid secretion from parietal cells

A

G cells release of gastrin

42
Q

How does gastrin effect ECL cells

A

Stimulated them to release histamine which then allows HCL release

43
Q

When is gastrin secreted

A

Presence of AA and peptides and ach

44
Q

Where in the stomach do parietal cells secrete HCL

A

Body

45
Q

Which substance from breakdown of carbonic acid allows Cl to pass through parietal cells to apical side to be secreted

A

HCO

HCO / Cl exchanger on baso lateral side

46
Q

What system allows H to be pumped out alongside a Cl channel on apical side (from the HCO/Cl exchanger)

A

H/K ATPase

Stimulated via histamine ECL release

47
Q

Which cells do ach down vagus stimulate

A

G cells, ECL cells, parietal cells (all for gastric acid release)

48
Q

Which cells are inhibited via ach down vagus

A

D cells which secrete somatostatin to reduce acid via inhibiting ECL

Physiology (31 decks)

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