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Physiology > Regulation Of Kidneys > Flashcards

Regulation Of Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

What is diuresis

A

Excretion of excess water as urine

No reabsorption

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2
Q

Which drugs help diuresis excretion

A

Diuretics

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3
Q

Which hormone causes collecting duct permeability to h20 for reabsorption

A

ADH/vasopressin

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4
Q

Where is ADH produced and stored

A

In supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in hypothalamus

Stored in posterior pituitary

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5
Q

Explain the steps of collecting duct water reabsorption when ADH is released from posterior pituitary

A

ADH binds to the V2 receptor on baso lateral membrane

This causes activation of adenylate cyclase and more pka is activated via camp

Pka causes vesicles with aquaporin 2 channels to insert into the apical membrane

WTer is reabsorbed passively back to ecf / medulla

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6
Q

At what osm (high) is are osmoreceptors stimulated to release ADH to lower osm

A

280mosm

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7
Q

What is the effect of the release of ADH to lower the osm at plasma from 280 upwards

A

They decrease osm

Causes BV to increase

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8
Q

Apart from lowering osm/ increasing BV what is ADH importance

A

Vasoconstriction

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9
Q

What happens at baroreceptors/volume receptors when they detect low BP or BV

A

Stimulates the release of ADH via sensory neurones to the hypothalamus

To rectify low BV or BP

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10
Q

Which organs remove ADH

A

Liver and kidney

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11
Q

What % loss of BV detected by receptors triggers ADH release

A

10%

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12
Q

What is the thirst mechanism called which is stimulated when too high OSM causing retention via ADH

A

Lateral preoptic area

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13
Q

Which kinds of physiological things stimulate ADH release to increase water reabsorption

A

Stress

Exercise

Pain

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14
Q

Does alcohol inhibit or stimulate ADH

A

Inhibits which causes dehydration

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15
Q

Drugs are inappropriate stimuli to release of ADH five example why this causes drowning

A

MDMA stimulated the lateral preoptic thirst area alongside ADH release to cause too much water reabsorption

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16
Q

Why would stopping circadian release of ADH cause bed wetting

A

Usually the release of ADH happens at night which would cause less water excretion

17
Q

What are the 2 types of diabetes associated with ADH deficiency/loss

A

Central - lack of ADH

Nephrogenic - nephrons can’t respond to ADH ie the vasopressin 2 receptors

18
Q

Which action in the kidneys is stimulated for na reabsorption affecting BP and BV

A

Renin/angiotensin/aldosterone

19
Q

Which cells at the dct produce renin in response to paracrine factors from the macula densa cells

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

20
Q

What happens when renin is produced by juxtaglomerulsr cells

A

Renin allows production of angiotensin 1 from angiotensinogen

Angiotensin 1 turns into 2 via ace enzyme

This causes release of aldosterone from adrenal medulla

Aldosterone causes na reabsorption

Blood volume is restored

21
Q

Which cells does aldosterone bind to to increase na and water reabsorption

A

Principal cells

22
Q

What does binding to principal cells from aldosterone do

A

Causes transcription and translation which increases number of Enac channels on apical side

And na / k pumps increase on baso lateral side

Na and Cl both get reabsorbed

23
Q

How is k excreted due to aldosterone action

A

Via romK channels

24
Q

How do diuretics stop na reabsorption

A

Stop enac channels

25
Q

What types of things does angiotensin II do to increase BV/BP

A

Increase aldosterone

Act on hypothalamus to increase ADH and thirst preoptic area

Causes vasoconstriction of arteries

26
Q

Which hormone is released to decrease BP/ BV and how does it do it

A

Anp

It decreases ADH and thirst by acting on hypothalamus

Causes less production of aldosterone

Causes increased GFR of kidneys

= excretion

27
Q

What is the production of kidney stones causes by

A

Increased ca / ion conc in filtrate

28
Q

What is final excretion from bladder called

A

Micturition

29
Q

Which 2 sphincter muscles close during filling of bladder

A

Internal and external muscles

30
Q

What is the bladder made of

A

Smooth muscle

31
Q

Internal muscles are always closed but what causes control of the external muscles

A

Motor neurones from the SNS

32
Q

What does motor neurone firing during bladder rest cause

A

External muscle contract and stay contracted

33
Q

Which receptors detect bladder filling

A

Stretch receptors

34
Q

Which ANS is stimulated to cause contraction of bladder

A

PNS via neurone firing

35
Q

Why do internal muscles open during bladder contraction via PNS

A

Due to increased pressure from urine

36
Q

How do external muscles open during micturition

A

Motor neurones from cns stop firing which causes relaxation

Physiology (31 decks)

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