Adaptation To Exercise Flashcards
What is the oxygen which lacks when exercise starts called
Oxygen deficit
What does vo2 mean
Rate of aerobic metabolism (how much o2 flux in body)
What is vo2 max
Max amount of air delivered to tissues and therefore rate of aerobic metabolism
What is the resting rate of vo2 called
Baseline
Why is speed of vo2 response (flux of o2) higher in athletes
They lack an oxygen deficit
Also proprioreceptors work in warm ups
What happens to vo2 in exercise and how is it met
Increases - more o2 needed
Met via hyperventilating
What is the theory called which suggests vo2 max is determined by ability to utilise o2
Utilisation theory
What is presentation theory which is correct
Ability of the cvs to deliver the o2 determines the vo2 of tissues
How can increasing rbc increase vo2 delivery
More oxygen can be carried on heme
Which tests are used to measure vo2 max
Graded exercise tests
Which type of exercise in graded tests increased vo2 and workload
Ramp (continuous)
Why does ventilation increase before exercise
Proprioreceptors want to maximise po2 and decrease pco2
Why is ventilation steady in exercise
Controlled by chemoreceptors which balance o2 (peripheral) and co2 (central)
Why even after exercise does ventilation remain elevated
Repay oxygen deficit
Wait till atp and creatine levels are normal
WhAt is the equation for minute ventilation
Ventilation rate (breaths) x tidal volume
When does minute ventilation increase during exercise
70% work load (threshold)
How can minute ventilation be increased for exercise to hit o2 levels
Increase breathing rate or tidal volume
How does cvs facilitate the minute ventilation increase
Increased BF due to systolic pressure
And change in flow distribution (to respiratory tissues/muscle)
What does Vco2 mean
Amount of co2 produced during resp
What is the ventilatory threshold and why is it good it’s higher in athletes
Point where ventilation increases over the vo2 max which is at 70% for most
It becomes anaerobic then
For atheleted the vo2 max is around 90% for more exercise/ less anaerobic time
Why is venous po2 lower than arterial
More o2 extracted via capillaries to tissues
What is ficks equation of how cvs affects the vo2 max
Vo2 max = CO x (a - v levels of o2)
CO and SV increase during exercise, why does increased HR cause SV plateau
Becaus increase in HR would decrease the ejection fraction / SV
What about the CO causes the vo2 max to be reached
When co plateaus
Which 4 things can help athletes increase their SV to increase Vo2 max
SNS nadr binding to B1 = contractility increase
Increase EDV (increase filling)
Decrease ESV (increasing emptying)
Decrease HR
How can EDV be increased
Muscle pump
Respiratory pump
Vaso constriction
ALL INCREASE VR
How can the A-V o2 difference be increased
More capillaries
More aerobic capability of tissues ie more enzymes or mitochondria
Why does BP change still be minimal in exercise
Increased CO to the muscles which however decreases TPR as vasodilation occurs
What are central adaptations
Slow adaptations to the vo2 max via steady exercise ie ramp
What are peripheral adaptations
Fast adaptations to increase VO2 max eg increasing the mt and enzyme capacity or increase RBC
What 4 things would diminish in detraining
CO
SV
A- V o2
Vo2 max- due to the other effects
