Adaptation To Exercise

Question 1

What is the oxygen which lacks when exercise starts called

Answer 1

Oxygen deficit

Question 2

What does vo2 mean

Answer 2

Rate of aerobic metabolism (how much o2 flux in body)

Question 3

What is vo2 max

Answer 3

Max amount of air delivered to tissues and therefore rate of aerobic metabolism

Question 4

What is the resting rate of vo2 called

Answer 4

Baseline

Question 5

Why is speed of vo2 response (flux of o2) higher in athletes

Answer 5

They lack an oxygen deficit

Also proprioreceptors work in warm ups

Question 6

What happens to vo2 in exercise and how is it met

Answer 6

Increases - more o2 needed

Met via hyperventilating

Question 7

What is the theory called which suggests vo2 max is determined by ability to utilise o2

Answer 7

Utilisation theory

Question 8

What is presentation theory which is correct

Answer 8

Ability of the cvs to deliver the o2 determines the vo2 of tissues

Question 9

How can increasing rbc increase vo2 delivery

Answer 9

More oxygen can be carried on heme

Question 10

Which tests are used to measure vo2 max

Answer 10

Graded exercise tests

Question 11

Which type of exercise in graded tests increased vo2 and workload

Answer 11

Ramp (continuous)

Question 12

Why does ventilation increase before exercise

Answer 12

Proprioreceptors want to maximise po2 and decrease pco2

Question 13

Why is ventilation steady in exercise

Answer 13

Controlled by chemoreceptors which balance o2 (peripheral) and co2 (central)

Question 14

Why even after exercise does ventilation remain elevated

Answer 14

Repay oxygen deficit

Wait till atp and creatine levels are normal

Question 15

WhAt is the equation for minute ventilation

Answer 15

Ventilation rate (breaths) x tidal volume

Question 16

When does minute ventilation increase during exercise

Answer 16

70% work load (threshold)

Question 17

How can minute ventilation be increased for exercise to hit o2 levels

Answer 17

Increase breathing rate or tidal volume

Question 18

How does cvs facilitate the minute ventilation increase

Answer 18

Increased BF due to systolic pressure

And change in flow distribution (to respiratory tissues/muscle)

Question 19

What does Vco2 mean

Answer 19

Amount of co2 produced during resp

Question 20

What is the ventilatory threshold and why is it good it’s higher in athletes

Answer 20

Point where ventilation increases over the vo2 max which is at 70% for most

It becomes anaerobic then

For atheleted the vo2 max is around 90% for more exercise/ less anaerobic time

Question 21

Why is venous po2 lower than arterial

Answer 21

More o2 extracted via capillaries to tissues

Question 22

What is ficks equation of how cvs affects the vo2 max

Answer 22

Vo2 max = CO x (a - v levels of o2)

Question 23

CO and SV increase during exercise, why does increased HR cause SV plateau

Answer 23

Becaus increase in HR would decrease the ejection fraction / SV

Question 24

What about the CO causes the vo2 max to be reached

Answer 24

When co plateaus

Question 25

Which 4 things can help athletes increase their SV to increase Vo2 max

Answer 25

SNS nadr binding to B1 = contractility increase

Increase EDV (increase filling)

Decrease ESV (increasing emptying)

Decrease HR

Question 26

How can EDV be increased

Answer 26

Muscle pump
Respiratory pump
Vaso constriction

ALL INCREASE VR

Question 27

How can the A-V o2 difference be increased

Answer 27

More capillaries

More aerobic capability of tissues ie more enzymes or mitochondria

Question 28

Why does BP change still be minimal in exercise

Answer 28

Increased CO to the muscles which however decreases TPR as vasodilation occurs

Question 29

What are central adaptations

Answer 29

Slow adaptations to the vo2 max via steady exercise ie ramp

Question 30

What are peripheral adaptations

Answer 30

Fast adaptations to increase VO2 max eg increasing the mt and enzyme capacity or increase RBC

Question 31

What 4 things would diminish in detraining

Answer 31

CO
SV
A- V o2
Vo2 max- due to the other effects