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Physiology > Pancreas And Bile > Flashcards

Pancreas And Bile Flashcards

1
Q

Explain motility in the small and large intestine

A

Propulsion through segmentation

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2
Q

Which cells secrete mucus in both small and large intestine

A

Goblet cells

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3
Q

Does digestion take place in the large intestine?

A

No unless by bacteria

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4
Q

What gets digested in the small intestine

A

Carbs , fats, peptides and nucleic acids

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5
Q

What gets absorbed by active transport in small intestine

A

Peptides and vitamins

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6
Q

What gets absorbed via secondary AT in small intestine

A

Glucose

AA

Fructose

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7
Q

What gets absorbed by simple diffusion in small intestine

A

Fats

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8
Q

How does bile from liver get to gall bladder for storage before going to duodenum (SI)

A

Common hepatic duct

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9
Q

What opening allows bile to get from gall bladder to duodenum

A

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct

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10
Q

Where in the duodenum does bile go

A

Ampulla of vatar

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11
Q

Where does primary secretion of pancreatic juice come from and what is in it

A

Acinar cells from the acinus

Fluid with enzymes and HCO

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12
Q

Why is pancreatic juice at ph 8

A

Neutralise duodenal acid

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13
Q

How does fluid join to the common bile duct to duodenum

A

Acinar cells

Intralobular duct

Interlobular duct

Common duct

Common bile duct

Duodenum

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14
Q

What cells make pancreatic juice HCO rich

A

Duct cells

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15
Q

What are the 3 proteolytic enzymes in pancreas

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase

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16
Q

Which 2 lipolytic enzymes are there in pancreas for fat digestion in small intestine

A

Lipase

Phospholipase

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17
Q

What are enzymes secreted as which are inactive

A

Zymogens

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18
Q

What do zymogens do which allows activation of other enzymes

A

Convert trypsinogen to trypsin via proteolytic cleavage / peptide cleavage

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19
Q

Which enzymes cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin via zymogens

A

Enterokinase

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20
Q

Give example of pro enzyme activated from trypsin

A

Chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin

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21
Q

Where is protein digestion completed via proteases/peptidases

A

Intestinal brush border membrane or cytosol

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22
Q

Is pancreatic acinar secretion isotonic

A

Yes

23
Q

How does HCO get transported into duct cells before it can be transported out of apical side to the secretion

A

HCO/na symporter

24
Q

What allows na to be high enough outside of duct cells to sumport HCO in

A

Na/k ATPase

H/na ATPase

25
Q

How does HCO get released from duct cells into isotonic solution

A

HCO / Cl antiporter

26
Q

What maintains Cl outside apical membrane to transport HCO out

A

Gets removed via CFTR

27
Q

Why is there damage to pancreatic digestion in cf

A

They can’t transport Cl out so HCO/Cl antiporter doesn’t work

Fluid isn’t produced

28
Q

Which substance from which types of cells increases HCO from duct cells when acid too high

A

S cells secrete secretin in duodenum

29
Q

Which hormone from I cells in duodenum causes enzyme secretion from acinar cells when it detects high fat and protein

A

CCK

30
Q

How does vagus act on acinar cells

A

Ach down vagus allows more enzyme secretion for digestion

31
Q

How can CCK from I cells indirectly cause increased digestion

A

Acts on ach to stimulate acinar cells to secrete fluid

32
Q

Does CCK from I cells increase bile release ?

A

Yes

33
Q

S cells releasing secretin causes high HCO from duct cells for neutralisation. What else is neutralised

A

Stomach acid

34
Q

What allows water movement in duct cells for na and H2O secretion

A

Paracellular movement between junctions in duct cells

35
Q

What are the 2 roles of bile

A

Elimination of waste : bilirubin, cholesterol, drugs

Promotes lipid digestion and absorption

36
Q

Where is bile secreted into canaliculi (gall bladder) from

A

Hepatocytes in liver down the common hepatic duct

37
Q

How does bile enter the duodenum

A

Common bile duct

38
Q

Do bile ducts secrete HCO?

A

Yes

39
Q

Which 3 things make up bile

A

Biliary lipids (including bile acids/salts)

Bile pigment

40
Q

What are the 3 biliary lipids

A

Bile acids/salts

Phospholipids

Cholesterol

41
Q

What are bile acids/salts for

A

Keep cholesterol in solution

42
Q

How is bile pigment bilirubin transported to the liver

A

Albumin

43
Q

What are bile acids like cholic acids produced by

A

Cholesterol in liver

Or primary modification of cholesterol by bacteria

44
Q

What are bile acids conjugated to to increase solubility in water

A

Glycine or tauro

45
Q

What is the major importance of bile salts in lipid digestion and absorption

A

Emulsification of lipids via bile increases SA for lipase

46
Q

How does bile salts go through enterohepatic recirculation

A

They get produced in liver and released down common bile duct to the duodenum where they are used and reabsorbed in ileum back via the portal vein

47
Q

How can bile salts coat lipids/cholesterol to digest emulsify them for lipase

A

They are amphiphillic

Attach via hydrophobic

Opposite side facing water

48
Q

What does the gall bladder do to bile

A

Concentrated it with lipids etc

49
Q

If bile acid was too high, what would be secreted by S cells and why

A

Secretin

It stimulates HCO release by bile duct cells

50
Q

What causes gall bladder contraction to control biliary secretion

A

CCK from I cells (increase bile when lipids and fats are high)

51
Q

How can ach control digestion of lipids/fat

A

Act down vagal nerve to acinar cells for increased enzymes down bile

52
Q

Why do gall stones happen

A

Failure of bile salts to keep cholesterol in solution

53
Q

What are pigment stones

A

Bilirubin which hasn’t been conjugated and becomes insoluble

Physiology (31 decks)

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