Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Intro And Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Intro And Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

What does homeostasis mean

A

Constant internal environment-

Maintenance of variables like bp and maintaining equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is it called when homeostasis isn’t kept

A

Pathophysiology (disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which 7 systems are linked with the circulatory system

A 
Reproductive 
Urinary/renal 
Respiratory 
Digestive 
Endocrine 
Nervous 
Muscoskeletal (muscles)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is negative feedback and give example

A

When the effector will signal back and reduces the stimulus

Effector change response via controller

Eg

When light is detected by ganglia neurones in the retina they fire ap to the cns and then this goes down the ANS (PNS dilated it) which causes muscles to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 4 types of iris muscles that restrict pupil diameter

A

1- circular constricter (constricts)

2- sphincter pupillae (constricts)

3- radial dilator (dilates)

4- dilator pupillae (dilates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the 2 pathways of the autonomic nervous system

A

Afferent pathway

Efferent pathway (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effector does the somatic nervous system lead to

A

Muscle (voluntary movement = somatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What control centres does the afferent pathway have

A

Hypothalamus

Brain stem (medulla and pons)

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what things are controlled by the medulla and pons in the afferent pathway

A

Respiratory centre
Secondary respiratory centre
Urinary control
BP/HR by medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 3 things are controlled by hypothalamus in the afferent pathway

A

Temperature
Water (ADH)
Eating behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the efferent pathway signal from

A

The cns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which 2 neurones feature in the sympathetic and parasympathetic (efferent pathway)

A

Preganglionic neurone

Postganglionic neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What connects the pre and post ganglionic neurones

A

Autonomic ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is divergence of 1 pre ganglion neurone in efferent pathway to multiple post ganglionic neurones regular

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do the ganglia neurones in efferent pathway stem from in cns

A

The spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 9 activities the sympathetic NS does which opposes the PNS in the efferent pathway

A

SNS -

1- dilates pupils in dim light 
2- inhibits salivation 
3- relaxes bronchi (bronchidilation) 
4- increase BP 
5- inhibits digestion 
6- stimulate liver glucose release 
7- epinephrine/ norepinephrine secretion 
8- relaxes bladder 
9- contracts rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which 3 neurones are typically in flight or fight (2 released by sns)

A

Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which bone compound had been found to inhibit parasympathetic NS

A

Osteocalcin

19
Q

When is osteocalcin released

A

When amygdala triggers glutamate signals to the osteoblasts

20
Q

Explain the structure of the efferent pre and post ganglionic neurones in the PNS

A

Pre ganglionic is long

Post ganglionic is short and attached to target effector

21
Q

When is the origin of the pre ganglionic neurones in the PNS

A

In the brain

22
Q

Name the 5 cranial nerves (1 is not cranial) in the PNS

A

III /3 - goes to eyes

7 / VII - goes to face

9/ IX- glossopharyngeal (parotid salivary gland= salivation)

10 / X - VAGUS NERVE : goes to 2/3 of abdomen and thoracic cavity

Pelvic nerves - contraction in pelvis, relax in rectum

23
Q

Where does the post ganglionic neurones originate in SNS and PNS

A

At the autonomic ganglion and travel to the effector

24
Q

What is the structure of the SNS ganglion neurones and where does pre ganglion originate from

A

Short pre ganglion
- from both sides of the spine
(2 paravertebral sympathetic chains)

Long post ganglion

25
Q

Name the 2 ganglion neurones in the SNS

A

Thoracic 1 (T1)

Lumbar 2/3

26
Q

Which system is the only one that doesn’t have a post ganglionic neurones

A

The Sympathetic adrenal medulla system

Releases epinephrine/norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

27
Q

Name the 4 types of neurotransmitters in the ANS (both SNS and PNS)

A

Ach
Nadr
Adr
Non adrenergic, non cholinergic NANC eg glutamate

28
Q

Name the 2 types of synapses in the autonomic NS

A

Cholinergic - muscarinic and nicotinic

Adrenergic - a and b

29
Q

Where is the nicotinic receptors located always

A

At the autonomic ganglia of BOTH SNS AND PNS

30
Q

Which drug blocks nicotinic receptors in the SNS and CNS

A

Curare

31
Q

Where are muscarinic located

A

At the effector and post ganglionic synapse

Only at the PNS

32
Q

What is the only exception of muscarinic being at SNS effectors too

A

At the sweat glands

33
Q

Which drug blocks muscarinic action in the PNS eg blocking constriction of pupil

A

Atropine

34
Q

What does ach do at muscarinic

A

Open channels like the K+ channel

35
Q

Where are adrenergic receptors a and b found

A

In the SNS only

36
Q

Which adrenergic receptor is the only one pre synaptic at the post ganglionic / effector cleft

A

A1

37
Q

What binds to A1 and what happens there

A

Noradrenaline released from the adrenal medulla from the SNS system

It causes Gq to be activated and ca is released causing vasoconstriction and contraction in smooth muscle

38
Q

What binds to a2 best and what happens there

A

Noradrenaline also released from adrenal medulla

It causes Gi activity and camp inhibition

Stops cholinergic and adrenergic synapses working (NO NTS)

39
Q

What drug is an antagonist to both alpha 1 and 2

A

Phentonamine

Eg effect being vasodilation

40
Q

What binds at beta 1 and what is the effect

A

Both adrenaline and noradrenaline

Gs is stimulated causing heart contraction (BP increase)

41
Q

What binds to B2 and what happens

A

Adrenaline

Causes Gs stimulation and bronchidilation

42
Q

What drug blocks B1 and B2

A

Propanolol

43
Q

Which receptors can be found at the somatic nervous system attached to muscle only

A

Nicotinic ach and muscarinic ach

Physiology (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions