Haemostasis Disorders Flashcards
Why does a haemorrhage / internal bleeding occur
Haemostasis doesn’t work and blood vessels are still damaged. Blood leaks out and cells break
Exposes things like Hb , billirubin later broken down
What is thrombosis
Abnormal clot build up
What is thromboembolism which occurs in thrombosis
A thrombus(clot) which is lodged into tissue
What is stenosis
Narrowing of passages due to thromboembolism (thrombus clot)
What are the 3 risk factors for thrombosis according to virchows triad
1- blood stasis (no movement)- happens if sitting. Causes DEEP VAIN THROMBOSIS DVT
2- change/injury to vessel wall which causes coagulation
3- hyper coagulation in a person where they clot more often (eg due to age, cancer)
What happens due to a thromboembolism at 70%
Stenosis of the passage which fully lowers blood pressure
Why does liver disease cause haemostasis disorder
It causes a lack of fibrinogen to be broken into fibrin clot
Which vitamin deficiency causes lack of factors like II thrombin, VII and X
K deficiency
What does renal / kidney disease cause
Lack of thrombopoietin means less platelets = less platelet plugs
Name 2 major anticoagulants
Warfarin- inhibit vitamin K = less factors like VII,II ,X
Heparin - activates antithrombin mechanism which is anti clotting by inhibiting thrombin IIa
Why are anticoagulants prescribed
If someone has atrial fibrillation (irregular blood pooling/heart beat)
After valve replacement/surgery when clots are prone
What is the disorder which causes low platelet count causing easy bruising,haemorrhage
Thrombocytopenia
What is the disorder which forms too many clots causing low platelet count
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
Name the 3 coagulation disorders
Von Willebrand disease- no Von Willebrand = no platelet aggregation
Haemophilia A = no VIII
Haemophilia b = no IX
How is aspirin an anticoagulant
Prevents thromboxane a2 from the tubular system which stops platelet aggregation
