Respiratory part 2 Flashcards
Patients who are higher risk of upper airway obstruction?
altered mental status and level of consciousness, are dehydrated, are unable to communicate, are unable to cough effectively, or are at risk for aspiration.
What are sx of a partial obstruction of the airway?
diaphoresis, tachycardia, anxiety, decreased O2, elevated blood pressure, rising end tidal CO2 levels. Stridor or crowing. Drooling or an inability to swallow oral secretion.
What are sx of complete obstruction?
hypoxia and hypercarbia, restlessness, increasing anxiety, sternal retractions, a “seesawing” chest motion, abdominal movements, or a feeling of impending doom from air hunger.
Emergency procedures performed when obstruction cannot be removed quickly?
cricothyroidotomy or tracheotomy
Sx often seen as a result of chronic sleep apnea?
chronic excessive daytime sleepiness, an inability to concentrate, morning headache, and irritability
What are long-term effects of OSA?
risk for hypertension, stroke, cognitive deficits, weight gain, diabetes, and pulmonary and cardiovascular disease
Causes of OSA?
Obstruction by soft palate or tongue, obesity, large uvula, short neck, smoking, large tonsils or adenoids, and oropharyngeal edema
Physical findings of OSA?
retracted lower jaw, smaller chin, and shorter neck, swollen or enlarged oropharyngeal structure
What are some diagnostic tests for OSA?
sleep apnea questionnaires, “at home” sleep study, polysomnography, monitoring devices
What is the primary problem with OSA?
Poor gas exchange and hypoxia d/t abnormal sleep pattern
If you suspect a partial obstruction of the airway what should be your first priority?
Call Rapid Response team to prevent a complete obstruction
Why is posterior nasal bleeding an emergency?
Because the bleed cannot be reached with anterior packing and the patient may lose a lot of blood
What education should we teach the patients after tube or packing removal s/p epistaxis?
- Apply petroleum jelly sparingly to the nares for comfort.
- Use saline nasal sprays after healing to add moisture and prevent rebleeding.
- Avoid vigorous nose blowing, the use of aspirin or other NSAIDs, and strenuous activities such as heavy lifting for at least 1 month.
How is COVID-19 spread?
Via droplet transmission
When is the contagious period of the flu?
24 hours before sx and up to 5 days after they begin
