AG2-Exam 4

Question 1

What will cause a false positive HIV result with a fast rapid test?

Answer 1

pregnant, recent flu shot, autoimmune disorder

Question 2

What is HIV stage 1

Answer 2

acute response

Question 3

HIV stage 2

Answer 3

chronic

Question 4

HIV stage 3

Answer 4

final, most serious

Question 5

most infectious stage, no change in CD4 count (HIV)

Answer 5

incubation

Question 6

fever, weight loss, diarrhea, infections, CD4T < 500

Answer 6

crisis

Question 7

Sx: fevers, HA, rash , ST, photophobia, msl aches.
Signs: CD4T WNL, lymph node involvement

Answer 7

early and latent

Question 8

What are the 3 antibody screening tests for HIV?

Answer 8

1. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA)
2. Western Blot
3. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA)

Question 9

criteria for AIDS defining illness

Answer 9

CD4 + T cell count < 200 cells + infection

Question 10

Malignancy features with AIDS

Answer 10

Burkett’s lymphoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 11

GI features with AIDS

Answer 11

wasting syndrome

Question 12

Fungal infections with AIDS

Answer 12

PCP, Valley Fever, histoplasmosis

Question 13

sx of Valley Fever

Answer 13

HA, confusion, neck stiffness, photophobia, rash

Question 14

Viral infections with AIDS

Answer 14

CMV, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Herpes simplex, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis

Question 15

Protozoal infections with AIDS

Answer 15

toxoplasmosis, intestinal isopsoriasis, cryptosporidiosis

Question 16

Bacterial infections with AIDS

Answer 16

TB, recurrent salmonella, septicemia

Question 17

Interventions to prevent infection with HIV

Answer 17

monitor VS, promote immunizations and ART regimen adherence

Question 18

Example of PrEP med

Answer 18

Truvada

Question 19

Example of PEP med

Answer 19

cART (combined antiretroviral therapy)

Question 20

Infection prevention in the home for AIDS

Answer 20

• Keep the home environment clean
• Wash dishes in hot water using a dishwasher if available.
• Avoid cleaning pet litter boxes.
• Avoid people who are sick.
• Avoid raw foods and undercooked foods.

Question 21

Timeframe that PEP needs to be taken by

Answer 21

within 72 hours after possible exposure

Question 22

Which cells does HIV target

Answer 22

CD4 T lymphocytes

Question 23

What is a normal CD4 T cell count?

Answer 23

800-1200

Question 24

What is antiretroviral therapy?

Answer 24

daily use of a combination of HIV medicines to treat HIV. Does not cure HIV.

Question 25

What does ART do?

Answer 25

- Reduces the amt of HIV in the body. - Reduces the risk of HIV transmission. - Prevents HIV from advancing to AIDS. - Protects the immune system

Question 26

Types of hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 26

1. Type 1 IgE mediated 2. Type II Cytotoxic 3. Type III Immune complex 4. Type IV Cell mediated

Question 27

What is a type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 27

IgE mediated

Question 28

How can allergens be contacted

Answer 28

inhaled, ingested, injected, skin or mucous membranes

Question 29

What is a type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 29

cytotoxic (toxic to cells)

Question 30

patho of type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 30

body makes autoantibodies IgG directed against self cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them

Question 31

Example of type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 31

ABO incompatibility with blood product transfusions; Goodpasture syndrome; and Myasthenia gravis.

Question 32

What is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 32

immune complex reactions

Question 33

patho of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 33

results from excess antigens causing immune complexes to form in the blood. Most autoimmune disorders are caused by this.

Question 34

Examples of Type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 34

SLE, RA

Question 35

What is a type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 35

delayed hypersensitivity. Occurs hours to days after exposure.

Question 36

patho of type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 36

sensitized T lymphocytes (T cells) from a previous exposure are activated triggering the excessive responses of macrophages and release of chemical mediators. Antibodies and complement are not involved.

Question 37

Example of type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 37

dermatitis

Question 38

Medications for SLE

Answer 38

NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antimalarial (hydroxychloroquine)

Question 39

Serum diagnostics testing for SLE

Answer 39

ANA, CBC, ESR, serum complement levels (C3,C4)

Question 40

Generalized HIV symptoms

Answer 40

chills, fever, rash, anorexia, nausea, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, HA, ST, night sweats