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AG > AG2-Exam 4 > Flashcards

AG2-Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What will cause a false positive HIV result with a fast rapid test?

A

pregnant, recent flu shot, autoimmune disorder

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2
Q

What is HIV stage 1

A

acute response

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3
Q

HIV stage 2

A

chronic

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4
Q

HIV stage 3

A

final, most serious

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5
Q

most infectious stage, no change in CD4 count (HIV)

A

incubation

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6
Q

fever, weight loss, diarrhea, infections, CD4T < 500

A

crisis

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7
Q

Sx: fevers, HA, rash , ST, photophobia, msl aches.
Signs: CD4T WNL, lymph node involvement

A

early and latent

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8
Q

What are the 3 antibody screening tests for HIV?

A
  1. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA)
  2. Western Blot
  3. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA)
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9
Q

criteria for AIDS defining illness

A

CD4 + T cell count < 200 cells + infection

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10
Q

Malignancy features with AIDS

A

Burkett’s lymphoma

Kaposi’s sarcoma

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11
Q

GI features with AIDS

A

wasting syndrome

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12
Q

Fungal infections with AIDS

A

PCP, Valley Fever, histoplasmosis

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13
Q

sx of Valley Fever

A

HA, confusion, neck stiffness, photophobia, rash

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14
Q

Viral infections with AIDS

A

CMV, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Herpes simplex, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis

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15
Q

Protozoal infections with AIDS

A

toxoplasmosis, intestinal isopsoriasis, cryptosporidiosis

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16
Q

Bacterial infections with AIDS

A

TB, recurrent salmonella, septicemia

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17
Q

Interventions to prevent infection with HIV

A

monitor VS, promote immunizations and ART regimen adherence

18
Q

Example of PrEP med

A

Truvada

19
Q

Example of PEP med

A

cART (combined antiretroviral therapy)

20
Q

Infection prevention in the home for AIDS

A
  • Keep the home environment clean
  • Wash dishes in hot water using a dishwasher if available.
  • Avoid cleaning pet litter boxes.
  • Avoid people who are sick.
  • Avoid raw foods and undercooked foods.
21
Q

Timeframe that PEP needs to be taken by

A

within 72 hours after possible exposure

22
Q

Which cells does HIV target

A

CD4 T lymphocytes

23
Q

What is a normal CD4 T cell count?

A

800-1200

24
Q

What is antiretroviral therapy?

A

daily use of a combination of HIV medicines to treat HIV. Does not cure HIV.

25
Q

What does ART do?

A
  • Reduces the amt of HIV in the body.
  • Reduces the risk of HIV transmission.
  • Prevents HIV from advancing to AIDS.
  • Protects the immune system
26
Q

Types of hypersensitivity reactions

A
  1. Type 1 IgE mediated
  2. Type II Cytotoxic
  3. Type III Immune complex
  4. Type IV Cell mediated
27
Q

What is a type 1 hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated

28
Q

How can allergens be contacted

A

inhaled, ingested, injected, skin or mucous membranes

29
Q

What is a type 2 hypersensitivity

A

cytotoxic (toxic to cells)

30
Q

patho of type 2 hypersensitivity

A

body makes autoantibodies IgG directed against self cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them

31
Q

Example of type 2 hypersensitivity

A

ABO incompatibility with blood product transfusions; Goodpasture syndrome; and Myasthenia gravis.

32
Q

What is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

immune complex reactions

33
Q

patho of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

A

results from excess antigens causing immune complexes to form in the blood. Most autoimmune disorders are caused by this.

34
Q

Examples of Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

SLE, RA

35
Q

What is a type IV hypersensitivity

A

delayed hypersensitivity. Occurs hours to days after exposure.

36
Q

patho of type 4 hypersensitivity

A

sensitized T lymphocytes (T cells) from a previous exposure are activated triggering the excessive responses of macrophages and release of chemical mediators. Antibodies and complement are not involved.

37
Q

Example of type IV hypersensitivity

A

dermatitis

38
Q

Medications for SLE

A

NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antimalarial (hydroxychloroquine)

39
Q

Serum diagnostics testing for SLE

A

ANA, CBC, ESR, serum complement levels (C3,C4)

40
Q

Generalized HIV symptoms

A

chills, fever, rash, anorexia, nausea, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, HA, ST, night sweats

AG (30 decks)

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