AG2-Exam 4 Flashcards
What will cause a false positive HIV result with a fast rapid test?
pregnant, recent flu shot, autoimmune disorder
What is HIV stage 1
acute response
HIV stage 2
chronic
HIV stage 3
final, most serious
most infectious stage, no change in CD4 count (HIV)
incubation
fever, weight loss, diarrhea, infections, CD4T < 500
crisis
Sx: fevers, HA, rash , ST, photophobia, msl aches.
Signs: CD4T WNL, lymph node involvement
early and latent
What are the 3 antibody screening tests for HIV?
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA)
- Western Blot
- Immunofluorescence assay (IFA)
criteria for AIDS defining illness
CD4 + T cell count < 200 cells + infection
Malignancy features with AIDS
Burkett’s lymphoma
Kaposi’s sarcoma
GI features with AIDS
wasting syndrome
Fungal infections with AIDS
PCP, Valley Fever, histoplasmosis
sx of Valley Fever
HA, confusion, neck stiffness, photophobia, rash
Viral infections with AIDS
CMV, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Herpes simplex, extrapulmonary cryptococcosis
Protozoal infections with AIDS
toxoplasmosis, intestinal isopsoriasis, cryptosporidiosis
Bacterial infections with AIDS
TB, recurrent salmonella, septicemia
Interventions to prevent infection with HIV
monitor VS, promote immunizations and ART regimen adherence
Example of PrEP med
Truvada
Example of PEP med
cART (combined antiretroviral therapy)
Infection prevention in the home for AIDS
- Keep the home environment clean
- Wash dishes in hot water using a dishwasher if available.
- Avoid cleaning pet litter boxes.
- Avoid people who are sick.
- Avoid raw foods and undercooked foods.
Timeframe that PEP needs to be taken by
within 72 hours after possible exposure
Which cells does HIV target
CD4 T lymphocytes
What is a normal CD4 T cell count?
800-1200
What is antiretroviral therapy?
daily use of a combination of HIV medicines to treat HIV. Does not cure HIV.
What does ART do?
- Reduces the amt of HIV in the body.
- Reduces the risk of HIV transmission.
- Prevents HIV from advancing to AIDS.
- Protects the immune system
Types of hypersensitivity reactions
- Type 1 IgE mediated
- Type II Cytotoxic
- Type III Immune complex
- Type IV Cell mediated
What is a type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
How can allergens be contacted
inhaled, ingested, injected, skin or mucous membranes
What is a type 2 hypersensitivity
cytotoxic (toxic to cells)
patho of type 2 hypersensitivity
body makes autoantibodies IgG directed against self cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them
Example of type 2 hypersensitivity
ABO incompatibility with blood product transfusions; Goodpasture syndrome; and Myasthenia gravis.
What is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
immune complex reactions
patho of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
results from excess antigens causing immune complexes to form in the blood. Most autoimmune disorders are caused by this.
Examples of Type 3 hypersensitivity
SLE, RA
What is a type IV hypersensitivity
delayed hypersensitivity. Occurs hours to days after exposure.
patho of type 4 hypersensitivity
sensitized T lymphocytes (T cells) from a previous exposure are activated triggering the excessive responses of macrophages and release of chemical mediators. Antibodies and complement are not involved.
Example of type IV hypersensitivity
dermatitis
Medications for SLE
NSAIDs, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antimalarial (hydroxychloroquine)
Serum diagnostics testing for SLE
ANA, CBC, ESR, serum complement levels (C3,C4)
Generalized HIV symptoms
chills, fever, rash, anorexia, nausea, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, HA, ST, night sweats
