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MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What electrolytes, vitamins, and other building blocks are needed for the production of new bone?

A

calcium, P, vitamin D, and protein

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2
Q

How is bone healing affected by the aging process?

A

can be affected by nutrition, estrogen, and chronic diseases

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3
Q

What are the s/sx of a fat embolism?

A

petechial rash, tachypnea, hypoxemia, dyspnea, HA

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4
Q

What is a fat embolism?

A

Obstruction of the pulmonary (or other organ) vascular bed by fat globules

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5
Q

What is the tx for a fat embolism?

A 
Bedrest
Gentle handling
Oxygen
Hydration (IV fluids)
Possibly steroid therapy
Fracture immobilization
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6
Q

osteomyelitis is most likely to occur after what?

A

Open fractures in which tissue integrity is altered and after surgical repair of a fracture

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7
Q

What abnormal labs may be seen with fat embolism syndrome?

A
  • Decreased PaO 2 level (often below 60 mm Hg)
  • Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Decreased serum calcium levels
  • Decreased red blood cell and platelet counts
  • Increased serum level of lipids
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8
Q

What is poikilothermia?

A

Limb that feels cooler than surrounding areas

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9
Q

What is avascular necrosis?

A

Chronic complication of a fracture where blood supply to the bone is disrupted causing a decreased perfusion and death of bone tissue

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10
Q

What is a nursing priority when the patient is in skeletal traction?

A

skin integrity because hardware is inserted directly into the bone

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11
Q

What is a nurse’s highest priority when taking care of fractures?

A

NVS compromise

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12
Q

What intervention will help prevent flexion contractures after an amputation?

A

lower extremity active ROM exercises in early post op period

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13
Q

Why are bisphosphonates used to prevent and treat osteoporosis?

A

they slow bone resorption (the process of osteoclasts breaking down bone)

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14
Q

Why should you not give bisphosphonates to patients who are sensitive to aspirin?

A

bronchoconstriction may occur

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15
Q

Who should not take bisphosphonates?

A

Patients with poor renal function, hypocalcemia, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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16
Q

What is a common complication of bisphosphonate therapy?

A

Esophagitis

17
Q

Older age, smoking, and high alcohol intake are primary or secondary causes of osteoporosis?

A

Primary

18
Q

What are examples of secondary osteoporosis?

A

DM, hyperthyroidism, corticosteroids, prolonged immobility, hyperparathyroidism

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Sjogren syndrome associated with RA?

A

dry eyes, dry mouth, and dry vagina; eyes feel “gritty” as if sand was in the eye

20
Q

What is the most important imaging test to diagnose osteoporosis?

A

DXA

21
Q

What are early sx of RA?

A

inflammation, generalized weakness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and persistent low grade fever.

22
Q

What are late signs of RA?

A

Morning stiffness, msl atrophy, severe joint swelling and effusions, decreased ROM, TMJ is affected, joint deformities, severe weight loss, fever, and extreme fatigue, subcut nodules,

23
Q

What is a Baker’s cyst?

A

cyst behind the knee that is usually seen in the late stages of RA

24
Q

What is Felty syndrome?

A

A pulmonary complication associated with late RA

25
Q

What happens to bone mineral density (BMD) levels in post menopausal women?

A

Rapidly decreases as serum estrogen levels diminish

26
Q

How does protein deficiency cause osteoporosis?

A

50% of calcium is protein bound. Protein is needed to use calcium.

27
Q

What is a side effect of Fosamax that requires an oral assessment before taking it?

A

Jaw osteonecrosis

28
Q

How often should a person with osteoporosis get a DXA scan?

A

Every 2 years

29
Q

What NVS checks should you always do s/p surgery?

A

mvt, sensation, pain, warmth, temp, distal pulses, cap refill

30
Q

How can excessive caffeine intake contribute to osteoporosis?

A

calcium can be excreted in the urine

AG (30 decks)

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