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AG > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the msls during the tonic phase?

A

stiffen

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2
Q

What is a complex partial seizure?

A

starts in one area of the brain and the person is not aware of surroundings; loses consciousness.

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3
Q

Secondary causes of seizures?

A
  1. Underlying brain lesion (tumor or trauma)
  2. Metabolic disorders
  3. Acute alcohol withdrawal
  4. Electrolyte disturbances usually when Na+ is too low.
  5. High fever
  6. Stroke
  7. Head injury
  8. Substance abuse
  9. Heart disease
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4
Q

How is a thrombotic stroke characterized?

A
  • typically no decreased LOC within the first 24hrs.

- sx get progressively worse as the infarction and edema increase.

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5
Q

What is our priority with tonic clonic seizures?

A

Safety

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6
Q

Interventions for Bell’s palsy?

A

encourage facial exercises, protect eyes from dryness and prevent injury, instruct to chew on unaffected side.

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7
Q

What are some triggers of migraine HA?

A

stress, foods, anxiety, fatigue, sleep deprivation, depression, hormone fluctuations associated w/ menstrual cycles and contraceptive use,

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8
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

chronic disorder diagnosed after having 2 or more unprovoked seizures.

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9
Q

What is an atonic (akinetic, drop attacks) seizure?

A

causes sudden loss of muscle strength. Person usually remains conscious. May fall from seizure.

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10
Q

How is an embolic stroke characterized?

A
  • sudden severe sx
  • warning signs are less common
  • remains conscious and may have HA
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11
Q

Primary cause of seizures?

A

Genetics

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12
Q

Why should a pt drink more fluids after a SPECT scan?

A

to help flush the tracer over the next few days. Most of it leaves the body through urine.

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13
Q

What is a partial/focal/simple seizure?

A

only small area of the brain is affected; remains conscious and may report an aura.

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14
Q

When can permanent disability be determined after a stroke?

A

When cerebral edema subsides

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15
Q

Bell’s palsy most often occurs in who?

A

pregnant women, diabetes, influenza, cold, or other URI.

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16
Q

Patient education the night before having EEG?

A
  1. Do not use conditioner, hairspray, or gels.
  2. Discontinue using meds that may interfere with the test if confirmed by doc.
  3. Avoid consuming any food or drinks containing caffeine 8-12 hrs before test.
  4. Reduce sleep night before, as directed.
  5. Avoid fasting
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17
Q

What is a myoclonus? * clinical sign

A

sudden, brief involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. Twitching cannot be stopped or controlled. May fall from the seizure.

18
Q

What medications may be used to treat severe migraines?

A
  1. Triptan preparations (zolmitriptan sumatriptan, eletriptan).
  2. Ergotamine preparations w/ caffeine (dihydroergotamine)
  3. Isometheptene in combination formulations when other medications don’t work
19
Q

Intervention after the completion of seizure?

A
  • Take the patient’s vital signs.
  • Perform neurologic checks.
  • Keep the patient on his or her side.
  • Allow the patient to rest.
20
Q

What is abortive therapy?

A

used to alleviate pain during aura or soon after start of HA

21
Q

What is our priority for migraine/HA patients?

A

pain management

22
Q

What is a SPECT scan?

A

scans the function of some internal organs.

23
Q

Sx associated with a migraine HA?

A

N/V, photophobia, phonophobia, unilateral pain often behind one eye or ear.

24
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

hereditary disease of the nervous system which causes increasing dementia, bizarre involuntary movements, and abnormal posture.

25
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

a medical emergency; a prolonged seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or repeated seizures over the course of 30 minutes.

26
Q

What type of stroke accounts for 87% of all strokes?

A

ischemic (embolic)

27
Q

T/F. PET/SPECT scans involve radioactive injections?

A

True, but they use different ones

28
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Paralysis of 1 side of the face which begins suddenly and worsens over 48 hours. Caused by damage to CN VII.

29
Q

PET scan is also used to diagnose what other conditions?

A

Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, epilepsy, and CVA

30
Q

What medications may be use for mild migraines?

A

NSAIDs, Tylenol, and other OTCs

31
Q

Drugs of choice for status epilepticus?

A

IV push lorazepam or diazepam; diazepam rectal gel

32
Q

If the client is having a seizure what is a priority intervention?

A

Maintain a patent airway

33
Q

Diagnostics for seizures?

A

EEG, CT, MRI, SEPCT/PET

34
Q

What is the order in which function may return after a stroke?

A

facial, swallowing, lower limbs, speech, and arms.

35
Q

How is a hemorrhagic stroke characterized?

A

sudden onset, symptoms progress over minutes to hours d/t ongoing bleeding.

36
Q

What happens to the msls during the clonic phase?

A

begin to jerk rapidly and rhythmically

37
Q

What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Uncontrolled HTN

38
Q

What is the most common use of PET scans?

A

the detection of cancer and the evaluation of cancer tx

39
Q

Environmental considerations when tx migraine?

A

cool, dark, quiet

40
Q

During acute phase of stroke how should the patient be positioned?

A

Side with head of bed elevated 15-30 degrees to prevent aspiration

AG (30 decks)

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