Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the msls during the tonic phase?

A

stiffen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a complex partial seizure?

A

starts in one area of the brain and the person is not aware of surroundings; loses consciousness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary causes of seizures?

A
  1. Underlying brain lesion (tumor or trauma)
  2. Metabolic disorders
  3. Acute alcohol withdrawal
  4. Electrolyte disturbances usually when Na+ is too low.
  5. High fever
  6. Stroke
  7. Head injury
  8. Substance abuse
  9. Heart disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is a thrombotic stroke characterized?

A
  • typically no decreased LOC within the first 24hrs.

- sx get progressively worse as the infarction and edema increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is our priority with tonic clonic seizures?

A

Safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interventions for Bell’s palsy?

A

encourage facial exercises, protect eyes from dryness and prevent injury, instruct to chew on unaffected side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some triggers of migraine HA?

A

stress, foods, anxiety, fatigue, sleep deprivation, depression, hormone fluctuations associated w/ menstrual cycles and contraceptive use,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is epilepsy?

A

chronic disorder diagnosed after having 2 or more unprovoked seizures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an atonic (akinetic, drop attacks) seizure?

A

causes sudden loss of muscle strength. Person usually remains conscious. May fall from seizure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is an embolic stroke characterized?

A
  • sudden severe sx
  • warning signs are less common
  • remains conscious and may have HA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary cause of seizures?

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why should a pt drink more fluids after a SPECT scan?

A

to help flush the tracer over the next few days. Most of it leaves the body through urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a partial/focal/simple seizure?

A

only small area of the brain is affected; remains conscious and may report an aura.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When can permanent disability be determined after a stroke?

A

When cerebral edema subsides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bell’s palsy most often occurs in who?

A

pregnant women, diabetes, influenza, cold, or other URI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patient education the night before having EEG?

A
  1. Do not use conditioner, hairspray, or gels.
  2. Discontinue using meds that may interfere with the test if confirmed by doc.
  3. Avoid consuming any food or drinks containing caffeine 8-12 hrs before test.
  4. Reduce sleep night before, as directed.
  5. Avoid fasting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a myoclonus? * clinical sign

A

sudden, brief involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. Twitching cannot be stopped or controlled. May fall from the seizure.

18
Q

What medications may be used to treat severe migraines?

A
  1. Triptan preparations (zolmitriptan sumatriptan, eletriptan).
  2. Ergotamine preparations w/ caffeine (dihydroergotamine)
  3. Isometheptene in combination formulations when other medications don’t work
19
Q

Intervention after the completion of seizure?

A
  • Take the patient’s vital signs.
  • Perform neurologic checks.
  • Keep the patient on his or her side.
  • Allow the patient to rest.
20
Q

What is abortive therapy?

A

used to alleviate pain during aura or soon after start of HA

21
Q

What is our priority for migraine/HA patients?

A

pain management

22
Q

What is a SPECT scan?

A

scans the function of some internal organs.

23
Q

Sx associated with a migraine HA?

A

N/V, photophobia, phonophobia, unilateral pain often behind one eye or ear.

24
Q

What is Huntington’s disease?

A

hereditary disease of the nervous system which causes increasing dementia, bizarre involuntary movements, and abnormal posture.

25
What is status epilepticus?
a medical emergency; a prolonged seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or repeated seizures over the course of 30 minutes.
26
What type of stroke accounts for 87% of all strokes?
ischemic (embolic)
27
T/F. PET/SPECT scans involve radioactive injections?
True, but they use different ones
28
What is Bell's palsy?
Paralysis of 1 side of the face which begins suddenly and worsens over 48 hours. Caused by damage to CN VII.
29
PET scan is also used to diagnose what other conditions?
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, epilepsy, and CVA
30
What medications may be use for mild migraines?
NSAIDs, Tylenol, and other OTCs
31
Drugs of choice for status epilepticus?
IV push lorazepam or diazepam; diazepam rectal gel
32
If the client is having a seizure what is a priority intervention?
Maintain a patent airway
33
Diagnostics for seizures?
EEG, CT, MRI, SEPCT/PET
34
What is the order in which function may return after a stroke?
facial, swallowing, lower limbs, speech, and arms.
35
How is a hemorrhagic stroke characterized?
sudden onset, symptoms progress over minutes to hours d/t ongoing bleeding.
36
What happens to the msls during the clonic phase?
begin to jerk rapidly and rhythmically
37
What is the most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?
Uncontrolled HTN
38
What is the most common use of PET scans?
the detection of cancer and the evaluation of cancer tx
39
Environmental considerations when tx migraine?
cool, dark, quiet
40
During acute phase of stroke how should the patient be positioned?
Side with head of bed elevated 15-30 degrees to prevent aspiration