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AG > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

S/Sx of Buerger’s disease?

A
  • claudication in lower extremities, worse at night.
  • increased sensitivity to cold
  • ulceration and gangrene on digits
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2
Q

Causes of Buerger’s disease?

A

unknown but associated w/ smoking

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3
Q

Tx for Buerger’s and Raynaud’s?

A

vasodilators like Nifedipine. Manage pain, ulceration, and gangrene with Buerger’s.

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4
Q

Teaching for Buerger’s and Raynaud’s?

A

wear gloves, stop smoking, manage stress, avoid caffeine, avoid taking Nifedipine with grapefruit juice.

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5
Q

What are side effects of vasodilators?

A

facial flushing, hypotension, and HA

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6
Q

What is Buerger’s disease?

A

inflammation and fibrosis of vessels in the extremities

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7
Q

What is Raynaud’s?

A

Peripheral vasospasms of arteries and arterioles in extremities in response to cold temperature and stress

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8
Q

S/Sx of Raynaud’s?

A
  • Painful vasospasms of arteries and arterioles in extremities, especially digits
  • red-white-blue skin color changes on exposure to cold or stress.
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9
Q

Causes of Raynaud’s?

A

unknown, occurs more in women, and may be an autoimmune disorder because it is associated with many rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

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10
Q

Tx for varicose veins?

3Es

A

elastic compression hoes, exercise, and elevation

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11
Q

Surgical tx for varicose veins?

A

ligation and/or removal of affected veins, sclerotherapy, and endogenous ablation

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12
Q

What exercises should pt with varicose veins avoid?

A

high impact like horseback riding and running

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13
Q

Exercises to promote circulation?

A

Daily walks and ankle flexion exercises

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14
Q

What is a saddle PE?

A

large pulmonary embolism that straddles the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, extending into the left and right pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

What should we assess if we suspect PE?

A

ABGs, lactic acid, pulse ox, dyspnea, CP, VS

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16
Q

Which lab is a good indicator of a DVT?

A

Elevated D dimer

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17
Q

What is a normal troponin level?

A

0-0.04ng/mL

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18
Q

What is a normal BNP level?

A

<100pg/ml

19
Q

What is a normal serum triglyceride level?

A

<150

20
Q

What is a desirable HDL level?

A

> 60

21
Q

What is a poor HLD level?

A

W: <50
M: <40

22
Q

Optimal LDL level?

A

<100

23
Q

LDL level best for people with CVD?

A

<70

24
Q

Desirable total cholesterol level?

A

<200

25
Q

What EKG changes indicate reduced blood flow to the heart and ischemia (lack of oxygen)? NSTEMI

A

ST depression, T wave inversion or both

26
Q

What EKG change indicates infarction (necrosis or cell death)? STEMI

A

ST elevation, T wave inversion, and abnormal Q waves

27
Q

T/F. Troponin levels will be normal in agina?

A

True

28
Q

Nursing actions for MI tx?

A

Administer oxygen, medications as ordered, restrict activity and promote relaxed environment, and prep for cath lab if indicated.

29
Q

ACS describes what problems?

A

Unstable angina and MI

30
Q

What two diseases fall under CAD?

A

Stable angina and ACS

31
Q

How long after the infarction are physical changes noted in the heart?

A

6 hours

32
Q

Within how many hours of sx onset do we need to provide interventions?

A

4-6 hours

33
Q

What is ventricular remodeling?

A

When scar tissue begins to change the shape and size of the L ventricle

34
Q

Desirable salt intake to prevent CAD?

A

<1500mg/day

35
Q

T/F. Health promotion efforts are directed toward controlling or altering modifiable risk factors for CAD.

A

True

36
Q

How long does CP last with stable angina, unstable angina, and MI?

A

<15 min, 15-25min, 30 min or more

37
Q

When taking hx and the patient complains of pain what should be your first action?

A

give pain medication

38
Q

How does rest resolve angina pain?

A

Reduces tissue demand

39
Q

How does Nitro resolve angina pain?

A

Increases oxygen to the myocardium

40
Q

Sinus tach with PVCs usually occurs how many hours after an MI?

A

in the first few hours

41
Q

What associated sx should we ask when assessing chest pain?

A

nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, dizziness, weakness, palpitations, and shortness of breath.

42
Q

A cxr for angina can help r/o what disease?

A

aortic dissection

43
Q

What signs will indicated that the pt is having cardiac perfusion?

A

adequate cardiac output, normal sinus rhythm, and vital signs within normal limits.

AG (30 decks)

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