Cardiovascular

Question 1

S/Sx of Buerger’s disease?

Answer 1

• claudication in lower extremities, worse at night.
• increased sensitivity to cold
• ulceration and gangrene on digits

Question 2

Causes of Buerger’s disease?

Answer 2

unknown but associated w/ smoking

Question 3

Tx for Buerger’s and Raynaud’s?

Answer 3

vasodilators like Nifedipine. Manage pain, ulceration, and gangrene with Buerger’s.

Question 4

Teaching for Buerger’s and Raynaud’s?

Answer 4

wear gloves, stop smoking, manage stress, avoid caffeine, avoid taking Nifedipine with grapefruit juice.

Question 5

What are side effects of vasodilators?

Answer 5

facial flushing, hypotension, and HA

Question 6

What is Buerger’s disease?

Answer 6

inflammation and fibrosis of vessels in the extremities

Question 7

What is Raynaud’s?

Answer 7

Peripheral vasospasms of arteries and arterioles in extremities in response to cold temperature and stress

Question 8

S/Sx of Raynaud’s?

Answer 8

• Painful vasospasms of arteries and arterioles in extremities, especially digits
• red-white-blue skin color changes on exposure to cold or stress.

Question 9

Causes of Raynaud’s?

Answer 9

unknown, occurs more in women, and may be an autoimmune disorder because it is associated with many rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 10

Tx for varicose veins?

3Es

Answer 10

elastic compression hoes, exercise, and elevation

Question 11

Surgical tx for varicose veins?

Answer 11

ligation and/or removal of affected veins, sclerotherapy, and endogenous ablation

Question 12

What exercises should pt with varicose veins avoid?

Answer 12

high impact like horseback riding and running

Question 13

Exercises to promote circulation?

Answer 13

Daily walks and ankle flexion exercises

Question 14

What is a saddle PE?

Answer 14

large pulmonary embolism that straddles the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, extending into the left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 15

What should we assess if we suspect PE?

Answer 15

ABGs, lactic acid, pulse ox, dyspnea, CP, VS

Question 16

Which lab is a good indicator of a DVT?

Answer 16

Elevated D dimer

Question 17

What is a normal troponin level?

Answer 17

0-0.04ng/mL

Question 18

What is a normal BNP level?

Answer 18

<100pg/ml

Question 19

What is a normal serum triglyceride level?

Answer 19

<150

Question 20

What is a desirable HDL level?

Answer 20

> 60

Question 21

What is a poor HLD level?

Answer 21

W: <50
M: <40

Question 22

Optimal LDL level?

Answer 22

<100

Question 23

LDL level best for people with CVD?

Answer 23

<70

Question 24

Desirable total cholesterol level?

Answer 24

<200

Question 25

What EKG changes indicate reduced blood flow to the heart and ischemia (lack of oxygen)? NSTEMI

Answer 25

ST depression, T wave inversion or both

Question 26

What EKG change indicates infarction (necrosis or cell death)? STEMI

Answer 26

ST elevation, T wave inversion, and abnormal Q waves

Question 27

T/F. Troponin levels will be normal in agina?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Nursing actions for MI tx?

Answer 28

Administer oxygen, medications as ordered, restrict activity and promote relaxed environment, and prep for cath lab if indicated.

Question 29

ACS describes what problems?

Answer 29

Unstable angina and MI

Question 30

What two diseases fall under CAD?

Answer 30

Stable angina and ACS

Question 31

How long after the infarction are physical changes noted in the heart?

Answer 31

6 hours

Question 32

Within how many hours of sx onset do we need to provide interventions?

Answer 32

4-6 hours

Question 33

What is ventricular remodeling?

Answer 33

When scar tissue begins to change the shape and size of the L ventricle

Question 34

Desirable salt intake to prevent CAD?

Answer 34

<1500mg/day

Question 35

T/F. Health promotion efforts are directed toward controlling or altering modifiable risk factors for CAD.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

How long does CP last with stable angina, unstable angina, and MI?

Answer 36

<15 min, 15-25min, 30 min or more

Question 37

When taking hx and the patient complains of pain what should be your first action?

Answer 37

give pain medication

Question 38

How does rest resolve angina pain?

Answer 38

Reduces tissue demand

Question 39

How does Nitro resolve angina pain?

Answer 39

Increases oxygen to the myocardium

Question 40

Sinus tach with PVCs usually occurs how many hours after an MI?

Answer 40

in the first few hours

Question 41

What associated sx should we ask when assessing chest pain?

Answer 41

nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, dizziness, weakness, palpitations, and shortness of breath.

Question 42

A cxr for angina can help r/o what disease?

Answer 42

aortic dissection

Question 43

What signs will indicated that the pt is having cardiac perfusion?

Answer 43

adequate cardiac output, normal sinus rhythm, and vital signs within normal limits.