Cardiovascular Flashcards
S/Sx of Buerger’s disease?
- claudication in lower extremities, worse at night.
- increased sensitivity to cold
- ulceration and gangrene on digits
Causes of Buerger’s disease?
unknown but associated w/ smoking
Tx for Buerger’s and Raynaud’s?
vasodilators like Nifedipine. Manage pain, ulceration, and gangrene with Buerger’s.
Teaching for Buerger’s and Raynaud’s?
wear gloves, stop smoking, manage stress, avoid caffeine, avoid taking Nifedipine with grapefruit juice.
What are side effects of vasodilators?
facial flushing, hypotension, and HA
What is Buerger’s disease?
inflammation and fibrosis of vessels in the extremities
What is Raynaud’s?
Peripheral vasospasms of arteries and arterioles in extremities in response to cold temperature and stress
S/Sx of Raynaud’s?
- Painful vasospasms of arteries and arterioles in extremities, especially digits
- red-white-blue skin color changes on exposure to cold or stress.
Causes of Raynaud’s?
unknown, occurs more in women, and may be an autoimmune disorder because it is associated with many rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Tx for varicose veins?
3Es
elastic compression hoes, exercise, and elevation
Surgical tx for varicose veins?
ligation and/or removal of affected veins, sclerotherapy, and endogenous ablation
What exercises should pt with varicose veins avoid?
high impact like horseback riding and running
Exercises to promote circulation?
Daily walks and ankle flexion exercises
What is a saddle PE?
large pulmonary embolism that straddles the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, extending into the left and right pulmonary arteries
What should we assess if we suspect PE?
ABGs, lactic acid, pulse ox, dyspnea, CP, VS
Which lab is a good indicator of a DVT?
Elevated D dimer
What is a normal troponin level?
0-0.04ng/mL
What is a normal BNP level?
<100pg/ml
What is a normal serum triglyceride level?
<150
What is a desirable HDL level?
> 60
What is a poor HLD level?
W: <50
M: <40
Optimal LDL level?
<100
LDL level best for people with CVD?
<70
Desirable total cholesterol level?
<200
What EKG changes indicate reduced blood flow to the heart and ischemia (lack of oxygen)? NSTEMI
ST depression, T wave inversion or both
What EKG change indicates infarction (necrosis or cell death)? STEMI
ST elevation, T wave inversion, and abnormal Q waves
T/F. Troponin levels will be normal in agina?
True
Nursing actions for MI tx?
Administer oxygen, medications as ordered, restrict activity and promote relaxed environment, and prep for cath lab if indicated.
ACS describes what problems?
Unstable angina and MI
What two diseases fall under CAD?
Stable angina and ACS
How long after the infarction are physical changes noted in the heart?
6 hours
Within how many hours of sx onset do we need to provide interventions?
4-6 hours
What is ventricular remodeling?
When scar tissue begins to change the shape and size of the L ventricle
Desirable salt intake to prevent CAD?
<1500mg/day
T/F. Health promotion efforts are directed toward controlling or altering modifiable risk factors for CAD.
True
How long does CP last with stable angina, unstable angina, and MI?
<15 min, 15-25min, 30 min or more
When taking hx and the patient complains of pain what should be your first action?
give pain medication
How does rest resolve angina pain?
Reduces tissue demand
How does Nitro resolve angina pain?
Increases oxygen to the myocardium
Sinus tach with PVCs usually occurs how many hours after an MI?
in the first few hours
What associated sx should we ask when assessing chest pain?
nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, dizziness, weakness, palpitations, and shortness of breath.
A cxr for angina can help r/o what disease?
aortic dissection
What signs will indicated that the pt is having cardiac perfusion?
adequate cardiac output, normal sinus rhythm, and vital signs within normal limits.
