AG2-Cardiac problems Flashcards
Conditions associated with inflammation of the heart?
Infective endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease
What is rheumatic heart disease?
Chronic condition resulting from RF, characterized by scarring and deformity of the heart valves.
What causes infective endocarditis?
Bacteria like staph aureus and strep Viridans, fungi, viruses
Risk factors for developing endocarditis?
Aging, IV drug use, prosthetic valves, intramuscular devices, and renal dialysis
Assessment cues for mitral valve stenosis?
Apical diastolic murmur, dry cough, hemoptysis, palpitations, A fib, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, PND, fatigue, JVD, pitting edema, hepatomegaly
Assessment cues for mitral valve insufficiency?
Apical systolic murmur, S3 sound, atypical CP, palpitations, A fib, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, PND, fatigue, JVD, pitting edema, hepatomegaly
Assessment cues for aortic valve stenosis?
Apical systolic murmur, S4 sound, syncope on exertion, narrowed pulse pressure, angina, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, PND, fatigue
Assessment cues for aortic valve insufficiency?
Apical diastolic murmur, bounding arterial pulse, widened pulse pressure, nocturnal angina, dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, PND, and fatigue
S/sx of infective endocarditis?
HF, evidence of systemic embolization, Petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, Osler nodes, Janeway lesions, Roth spots, fever, flu like manifestations, murmur
Diagnostic findings indicating infective endocarditis?
Positive blood cultures
What is pericarditis associated with ?
Infective organisms, post MI, post pericardiotomy syndrome, acute exacerbations of systemic connective tissue disease, and medication adverse effects such as procainamide, hydralazine, phenytoin.
What are the symptoms of Beck’s triad and what are they associated with?
Low arterial BP, JVD, and muffled heart sounds indicating cardiac tamponade.
