AG2-head injuries

Question 1

What are factors that predict a poor outcome?

Answer 1

Intracranial hemorrhage, older age, abnormal motor responses, impaired or absent eye movements or pupillary light reflexes, early sustained hypotension, hypoxemia or hypercapnia, and sustained ICP levels > 20mm Hg

Question 2

Minor, Moderate, and major brain injury based on GSC?

Answer 2

Minor: 13-15
Moderate: 9-12
Severe: 3-8

Question 3

What is a subdural hematoma?

Answer 3

Occurs from bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer of the meninges.

Question 4

What is an epidural hematoma?

Answer 4

Results from bleeding between the dura and the inner surface of the skull.

Question 5

What is a subarachnoid hematoma?

Answer 5

Results from bleeding between the arachnoid mater and the piba mater.

Question 6

What are classic signs of an epidural hematoma?

Answer 6

Initial period of unconsciousness at the scene, with a brief lucid interval followed by a decrease in LOC.

Question 7

What is an intracerebral hematoma?

Answer 7

Occurs from bleeding within the brain tissue in approximately 16% of head injuries.

Question 8

What is a burr hole procedure?

Answer 8

Opening into the cranium with a drill. Used to remove localized fluid or hematomas beneath the dura.

Question 9

What is a craniotomy?

Answer 9

Opening into the cranium with removal of bone flap and opening the dura to remove a lesion, repair a damaged area, drain blood, or relieve increased ICP.