Respiratory Conditons Flashcards
What is COPD (Pathoish)
Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease is characterized by two conditions Bronchitis and Emphysema.
Bronchitis: Inflammatory response thick mucus secretions, narrowing of airway. Trapping air/ CO2
Emphysema: Destruction of alveoli due to inflammatory chemicals. Decrease in gas exchange.
What are the risk factors?
Smoking, Exposure to environmental irritants, Genetics ANT gene lack of (protects from inflam response)
S+S COPD?
Barrel chest, Pursed lips, Blue tinge lips, laboured breathing, Chronic cough, SOB
Complications of COPD?
Resp acidosis, respiratory failure, cyanosis.
Diagnosis/ Assessments/ Management for COPD?
Physical examination(symmetry laboured etc), RR, pulse oximetry, spirometry, Lung
auscultation. Blood gases, Sputum (culture).
Management: Brochodialators: Beta Agonist (Salbutamol) Anticholgeric (spriva)
Anti-inflammatory: Corticosteroids (Srevtide)
O2 therapy, lifestyle changes (breathing exercises, nutrition.
Cystic Fibrosis:
1.What is it
2.S+S
3.Diagnosis/ Assessment
4.At-risk groups/ Risk of:
5.Management
- Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition, commonly diagnosed younger age. The gene causes abnormal mucus build-up thick and sticky, this decreases the airflow and susceptible.
- Salty Skin, Slow birth weight, Wheezing, cough, abnormal bowel, Pneumonia.
- Blood tests (screening) for the 2x CF gene, Bloods, Sweat test (increased CL)
- Genes 2XCF, lung infections.
- Lifestyle, Good nutrition/ vitamins, Breathing exercises (Cough), Mucus thinners, and Autogenic drainage. Antibiotics.
Pneumonia
1. What is it?
2. People at risk
3. Diagnosis/Assessment
4. S+S
5. Management
- Inflammation of the lungs, commonly caused by infection. Streptococcal bacteria or Viral pneumonia (influenza). The infection causes the alveoli to fill with pus and liquid.
- Older adults, children, immunocompromised.
- Sptum culture, Chest X-ray, Blood test, Pulse oximetry, Confusion, Wheezing.
- Cough (phlegm), SOB, High temp, Chest pain, wheezing.
- Antibiotics, Fluids, Enourcage coughing-up phlegm and deep breathing, positioning.
Tension Pneumothorax
1. What is it
2. S+S
3. Causes
4. Diagnosis/Assessment
5. Treatment
- when air builds up in the pleural space of the lungs, Causes pressure on the trachea, lungs, heart etc. Leading to compromised respiratory and cardiac function.
- Chest pain, Wheezing, Low BP, Decreased O2, Increased HR.
- Trauma, Mechanical Ventilation, Med procedure complications.
- Distress, tracheal deviation, lung asculation, chest x-ray.
- Needle decompression, Reassurance, Analgesics.
Tuberculosis (TB)
1. what is it?
2. S+S
3. Diagnosis/ Assessment
4. Treatment
- Infectious lung disease, caused by the bacterium, myobacterium TB. Spread through the air. Active or Latent TB.
- Fatigue, SOB, Cough, Fever, Losing weight, Phlegm, Chest Pain.
- Blood tests, Lung sounds, Chest x-ray, Sputum cultures
- Antibiotics, Fluids, Nutrition, O2, Deep Breathing.
O2 Masks:
Nasal cannulas- lower concentration.
High flow NC- humidified, heated oxygen into the nostrils. They can deliver up to 60 litres
Simple Masks
Norebreather Mask- High-concentration Airflow
CAAP mask- Sponanetous breathing.