Respiratory Conditons

Question 1

What is COPD (Pathoish)

Answer 1

Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease is characterized by two conditions Bronchitis and Emphysema.
Bronchitis: Inflammatory response thick mucus secretions, narrowing of airway. Trapping air/ CO2
Emphysema: Destruction of alveoli due to inflammatory chemicals. Decrease in gas exchange.

Question 2

What are the risk factors?

Answer 2

Smoking, Exposure to environmental irritants, Genetics ANT gene lack of (protects from inflam response)

Question 3

S+S COPD?

Answer 3

Barrel chest, Pursed lips, Blue tinge lips, laboured breathing, Chronic cough, SOB

Question 4

Complications of COPD?

Answer 4

Resp acidosis, respiratory failure, cyanosis.

Question 5

Diagnosis/ Assessments/ Management for COPD?

Answer 5

Physical examination(symmetry laboured etc), RR, pulse oximetry, spirometry, Lung
auscultation. Blood gases, Sputum (culture).

Management: Brochodialators: Beta Agonist (Salbutamol) Anticholgeric (spriva)
Anti-inflammatory: Corticosteroids (Srevtide)
O2 therapy, lifestyle changes (breathing exercises, nutrition.

Question 6

Cystic Fibrosis:
1.What is it
2.S+S
3.Diagnosis/ Assessment
4.At-risk groups/ Risk of:
5.Management

Answer 6

1. Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition, commonly diagnosed younger age. The gene causes abnormal mucus build-up thick and sticky, this decreases the airflow and susceptible.
2. Salty Skin, Slow birth weight, Wheezing, cough, abnormal bowel, Pneumonia.
3. Blood tests (screening) for the 2x CF gene, Bloods, Sweat test (increased CL)
4. Genes 2XCF, lung infections.
5. Lifestyle, Good nutrition/ vitamins, Breathing exercises (Cough), Mucus thinners, and Autogenic drainage. Antibiotics.

Question 7

Pneumonia
1. What is it?
2. People at risk
3. Diagnosis/Assessment
4. S+S
5. Management

Answer 7

1. Inflammation of the lungs, commonly caused by infection. Streptococcal bacteria or Viral pneumonia (influenza). The infection causes the alveoli to fill with pus and liquid.
2. Older adults, children, immunocompromised.
3. Sptum culture, Chest X-ray, Blood test, Pulse oximetry, Confusion, Wheezing.
4. Cough (phlegm), SOB, High temp, Chest pain, wheezing.
5. Antibiotics, Fluids, Enourcage coughing-up phlegm and deep breathing, positioning.

Question 8

Tension Pneumothorax
1. What is it
2. S+S
3. Causes
4. Diagnosis/Assessment
5. Treatment

Answer 8

1. when air builds up in the pleural space of the lungs, Causes pressure on the trachea, lungs, heart etc. Leading to compromised respiratory and cardiac function.
2. Chest pain, Wheezing, Low BP, Decreased O2, Increased HR.
3. Trauma, Mechanical Ventilation, Med procedure complications.
4. Distress, tracheal deviation, lung asculation, chest x-ray.
5. Needle decompression, Reassurance, Analgesics.

Question 9

Tuberculosis (TB)
1. what is it?
2. S+S
3. Diagnosis/ Assessment
4. Treatment

Answer 9

1. Infectious lung disease, caused by the bacterium, myobacterium TB. Spread through the air. Active or Latent TB.
2. Fatigue, SOB, Cough, Fever, Losing weight, Phlegm, Chest Pain.
3. Blood tests, Lung sounds, Chest x-ray, Sputum cultures
4. Antibiotics, Fluids, Nutrition, O2, Deep Breathing.

Question 10

O2 Masks:

Answer 10

Nasal cannulas- lower concentration.
High flow NC- humidified, heated oxygen into the nostrils. They can deliver up to 60 litres
Simple Masks
Norebreather Mask- High-concentration Airflow
CAAP mask- Sponanetous breathing.