IV Therapy Flashcards
What is PIVC?
Peripheral intravenous Venous Cathereder
A device used for the short-term to administer fluids, medications and blood.
What issues are related to PIVC?
Phlebitis is the inflammation of the vein caused by trauma, and bacteria.
Infection is caused by HAI.
Extravasation fluid goes into the surrounding tissue causing a blister-like formation.
Infiltration, fluids leak into tissue caused by the catheter being dislodged.
Adverse event reaction to IV meds, fluid etc.
What are some signs and symptoms related to PIVC issues
Phlebitis Redness, tenderness, swelling, warmth
Infection- Fever, tenderness, pain, discharge.
Extravasation- Discomfort, tightness, blistering.
Infiltration- Swelling, discomfort, decreased flow.
Adverse reaction- Rash, bronchospasm
Describe the types of IV fluids:
Isotonic- When the fluids have the same concentration of solutes as the plasma
Hypotonic- When the fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the plasma.
Hypertonic- When the fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the plasma.
What are crystalloid solutions?
They are the 3 types of fluid iso, hypo and hyper. These solutions allow the fluids to pass through Made of electrolyte and water.
Gives examples of how the 3 types of fluids: indication of use and movement of water:
Isotonic- Normal saline will cause no osmolarity. Used with blood products. sodium loss, trauma, burns. Lactated ringers or Ringers
Hypotonic when fluids from the ECF move into the IFC causing the cell to swell.
Used for dehydration. 0.45% NaCl or 0.33% NaCl, 2.5% Dextrose and Water.
Do not use in hypotension or burns.
Hypertonic when the fluid moves out of the ICF to the ECF causing the cell to shrink. 0.3% NaCl, 210-50% Dextrose and water. Used to correct cerebral oedema.
What is a colloid solution?
It is a gelatinous solution with particles suspended in solution is is commonly used to explain plasma volume. Doesent across the semipermeable membrane. Can be a risk as it can interfere with the coagulation.
What is blood transfusion and why is it used?
Blood transfusion is when blood products get transferred into the pt bloodstream.
Used to replace lost blood from surgery, trauma cancer etc.
Blood products include RBC, Platelets, leukocytes, plasma etc.
What are the nursing considerations and transfusion procedures?
Initial checking (right pt, drug, dose, time and route)
Take obs 1 hour before transfusion.
Monitor obs at 15mins
30mins
1 hour until the completion.
Important to document, and ensure the use of correct disposal and labels.
Minimise the risk of bacteria being passed on.
Opioids:
1. What is the MOA
2. Long-term/ Short term complications
3. What is Naloxone
4. When cannot use opioids?
5. What are the withdrawal s+s?
Opioids are strong pain relief.
1- Block the transmission of paint to the CNS bind to the Mu receptor and reduce neuro-excitability.
2- Long Constipation, Dependence, toxicity
Short Bradypnea, Nausea, sedation
3- Naloxone quickly reverses an overdose by blocking the effects of opioids.
4- Respiratory disease, anxious
