IV Therapy Flashcards
What is PIVC?
Peripheral intravenous Venous Cathereder
A device used for the short-term to administer fluids, medications and blood.
What issues are related to PIVC?
(PIEIA)
Phlebitis is the inflammation of the vein caused by trauma, and bacteria.
Infection is caused by HAI.
Extravasation fluid goes into the surrounding tissue causing a blister-like formation.
Infiltration, fluids leak into tissue caused by the catheter being dislodged.
Adverse event reaction to IV meds, fluid etc.
Describe the types of IV fluids:
Isotonic- When the fluids have the same concentration of solutes as the plasma
Hypotonic- When the fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the plasma.
Hypertonic- When the fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the plasma.
What are crystalloid solutions?
They are the 3 types of fluid iso, hypo and hyper. These solutions allow the fluids to pass through Made of electrolyte and water.
Gives examples of how the 3 types of fluids: indication of use and movement of water:
Isotonic- Normal saline will cause no osmolarity. Used with blood products. sodium loss, trauma, burns. Lactated ringers or Ringers
Hypotonic when fluids from the ECF move into the IFC causing the cell to swell.
Used for dehydration. 0.45% NaCl or 0.33% NaCl, 2.5% Dextrose and Water.
Do not use in hypotension or burns.
Hypertonic when the fluid moves out of the ICF to the ECF causing the cell to shrink. 0.3% NaCl, 210-50% Dextrose and water. Used to correct cerebral oedema.
What is a colloid solution?
It is a gelatinous solution with particles suspended in solution is is commonly used to explain plasma volume. Doesent across the semipermeable membrane. Can be a risk as it can interfere with the coagulation.
What is blood transfusion and why is it used?
Blood transfusion is when blood products get transferred into the pt bloodstream.
Used to replace lost blood from surgery, trauma cancer etc.
Blood products include RBC, Platelets, leukocytes, plasma etc.
What are the nursing considerations and transfusion procedures?
Initial checking (right pt, drug, dose, time and route)
Take obs 1 hour before transfusion.
Monitor obs at 15mins
30mins
1 hour until the completion.
Important to document, and ensure the use of correct disposal and labels.
Minimise the risk of bacteria being passed on.
Opioids:
1. What is the MOA
2. Long-term/ Short term complications
3. What is Naloxone
4. When cannot use opioids?
5. What are the withdrawal s+s?
Opioids are strong pain relief.
1- Block the transmission of pain to the CNS bind to the Mu receptor and reduce neuro-excitability.
2- Long Constipation, Dependence, toxicity
Short Bradypnea, Nausea, sedation
3- Naloxone quickly reverses an overdose by blocking the effects of opioids.
4- Respiratory disease, anxious
What is Hyperkalemia?
S+S
Risks
Management
K is vital: Muscle contraction, Acid-base, If K levels change so will Na. LEVEL >5
S+S: Muscle cramps Urine abnormalities Resp destress Decreased cardiac contractility Ecg changes peak T wave Reflexes
Risks: Kidney disease, Heart failure, Acidosis, K retaining duiretics.
Management: Restictions, Discontinue IV Fluids
IV K NO NO
What is hypokalemia
S+S
Risks
Management
Weak, pulse, orthostatic hypotension, shallow resp, anxiety
ECG changes
risks Alkalosis, total body K loss
Management: Oral K intake
K retaining diuretic.
What is the complications of air emoblism?
S+S
management
S+S tachycardia, chest pain, Cyanotic, LOC, hypotension
management: Camp tubing, turn pt on left side, Notify
What is infiltration
S+S
Management
When the IV fluids leak into the surrounding issue (impacts on effectiveness)
S+S pain, swelling, coolness, numbness, no blood return (not in the vein)
Management: remove, elevate Apply cool/warm compress (NO RUB)
What is circulation overload?
S+S
Management
IV Fluids are infused too fast causing fluids to retain
S+S Increases BP, Wet cough, Distended neck veins, Dyspnea
Management: Lower infusion rate, elevate head of bed, notify, keep pt warm
what is infection?
S+S
Management
Microorganism enters via IV (BAD)
S+S: Fever, pain at the site, Tachycardia, Increased BP, redness.
Management: Remove, ABX notify, blood cultures
