Asthma

Question 1

What is asthma?

Answer 1

Asthma is a respiratory condition that leads to bronchiole inflammation, likely caused by irritants, such as pollen, smoke, dust stress, and anxiety. This condition is more likely in children.

Question 2

What are some signs and symptoms of Asthma?
(include s+s of severe asthma)

Answer 2

SOB or breathlessness, Wheezing, Chest tightness.
Severe: Gasping, unable to talk, accessory muscle use.

Question 3

Describe the Pathology of Asthma:

Answer 3

1- Inflammation caused by irritants
2- WBC (leukocytes and histamines) causes more inflammation and mucus production
3- Results in bronchoconstriction decrease air ventilation in and out of the lungs

Question 4

What are some associated issues with Asthma?

Answer 4

Impaired or lack of gas exchange
Hypoxia decreased O2 in tissues
Hypoxemia decreased O2 in the blood
Hypercapnia increased CO2 levels
Resp acidosis

Question 5

what are some pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for Asthma?

Answer 5

Beta2-adrenergic agonists such as epinephrine and salbutamol bind to the bronchiole’s smooth muscle, causing the muscle to relax and dilate. Releaives s+s fast.

Corticoid steroids- Sprays that prevent asthmatic episodes, by inhibiting the inflammatory action caused by WBC. Known as fluticasone, side effects are oral thrush (if not cleaned), husky voice, and a decrease in bone density.

Help ventilation try positioning pt to an upright position, provide reassurance.

Question 6

Provide a brief example of how to use an inhaler with and without a spacer (within an acute scenario)

Answer 6

Call 111 (get higher help)
Use inhaled with space 4-6 puffs
For each puff pt must take 4-6 breaths
Monitor for improvements for 6mins and repeat if no improvements.

Spray into the mouth and make sure the correct seal
4-6 puffs
Pt inhales
Ask Pt to hold their breath for 4 seconds (as comfortable) before exhaling slowly)

Question 7

What are the preventive strategies for Asthma

Answer 7

Have an asthma action plan: individualised, helps with recognition and gives instructions to manage.
Have the correct medication for management
Healthy lifestyle (rid of irritants)
Have appointments to monitor progress.