Aterial Blood Gases

Question 1

What is ABG?

Answer 1

Ateraial Blood Gases is when aterial blood is tested to measure levels of oxygen, CO2 and PH.

Question 2

Why isit important to interpret ABG?

Answer 2

Because it can indicate the level of fuctionality of respritory and circulotory system as well as metabolic process.
Important for body to function effectively.

Question 3

Give some examples of use of ABG in clinical situations:

Answer 3

• Before and After surg to get get normal ranges
• Asess respritory such as COPD, Asthma, Emphysema.
• Sepsis
• Diabetes Ketoacidsosis (blood acidic)

Question 4

What is PaO2/ PO2?

Answer 4

PaO2/PO2
Measures the amount of O2 dissolved in blood

Question 5

What is SaO2/SO2 and
SpO2

Answer 5

SaO2/SO2
Oxygen saturation # of Haemaglobin sites that have O2 attached
SpO2 Pluse ocumetry

Question 6

What is PaCO2/ PCO2?

Answer 6

Measurement of Carbon Dioxide, natural byproduct of cellular metbolism.
Regulated by the lungs. Considered Acidic

Question 7

What is H3CO2?

Answer 7

Biocarbonate is regulated by the kidneys (Byproduct of renal system)
Basic
Metabolic

Question 8

what is PH and why is it important?
Normal Range

Answer 8

PH is the measurement of acid-base concentration in the body.
Hydrogen affects enxyme activity and indicates pathological conditons (most).
7.35-7.45 PH

Question 9

How does the body maintain PH level?

Answer 9

Buffering system helps regulate the PH until it can be excreted.
Respritory and renal compensation.

Question 10

what is Acidic?

Answer 10

Acid realses H+ ions
Acidic is when ph is < 7.35 (too much H+)

Question 11

What is Basic?

Answer 11

Pick up H+ ions
Basic is when the PH is >7.45 (too little H+ ions)

Question 12

What is this CO2 + H20 ⟺H2CO3 ⟺ HCO3 + H?

Answer 12

This is the acid/ base equation.
Shows that the carbonic acid can be broken to (acids) CO2 and H2O
Base in blood is HCO3 (biacarbonate)

Question 13

Respiratory disctubances what are they?

Answer 13

The respiratory system causes the CO2 level to change
Acidosis- build-up of CO2
Alkodosis- Loss of CO2

Question 14

Metabolic disturbances, what are they?

Answer 14

The metabolic system causes the bicarbonate level to change.
Acidosis- Non-volatile acids are produced (too many Acids produced by the body other than CO2)
Alkodosis- reduced amount of non-volatile acids (too much H3CO2

Question 15

What are the body compensation mechanisms?

Answer 15

Buffer system
Respiratory (quick acting, within minutes) affects the CO2
Metabolic (Slow acting, within 1 day) affects H3CO2

Question 16

What is the difference between partial, full, and no compensation in ABG?

Answer 16

Partial compensation is if the HCO3 or CO2 has moved enough to balance the PH.
Full compensation is abnormal CO2 and HCO3 with normal PH.
No compensation Abnormal PH and CO2 (not matched the bicarb)