Cardiac Conditons Flashcards
What is the right side of the heart anatomy?
(deoxygenated blood comes from the body)
1SCV/IVC
2) Right atrium
3) Tricuspid valve
4) Right ventricle
5) Pulmonary valve
6) Pulmonary artery (Blood just got oxygen)
What is the difference between veins and Arteries?
Veins carry blood to the heart (deoxygenated)
Arteries carry blood away from the heart (oxygenated)
What is an ECG?
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a device that records the electrical current of the heart cycle. It is used to monitor or diagnose abnormal changes such as poor oxygen or heart damage.
Complete the ECG placement:
The starting point from the midclavicular
V1: 4th intercostal space on the right
V2: Across from V1 (left side)
V4: 5th intercostal space (mid clavical)
V3: Placed between V2 and V4
V6: 5th intercostal space mid axillary line
V5: between V4 and V6
RAW, LAB, LLR, RLG
What are the common heart rhythms?
Arrhythmias: When the heartbeat is irregular. Tachycardia (fast heartbeat)
Bradycardia (slow heartbeat).
Arterial Fibrillation: Is irregular pace and force of the heart.
Increases the risk of stroke and blood clots.
Proxymal- come or go
Persistent- episodes more than than 7 days
Permanent for more than 1 year.
Ventricular Fibrillation: When the heartbeat is irregular causes the heart to quiver (not able to pump blood out of the heart. (Life-threatening)
What is heart failure?
Heart failure is when the heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet the body’s O2 demand. (caused by underlying factors such as Rheumatic fever, and valve disorders)
What is Coronary Artery Disease and list the causes:
CAD is when the artery wall walls become narrowed or blocked due to the build-up of lipids, inflammatory cells, and cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis plaque, breaks off causes blockage, wall to stiffen weaken
Causes: Lifestyle (diet/smoking), Age, genetics, ethnicity, High BP/ Cholesterol, Lack of physical activity.
What is Angina?/ describe the s+s and types.
Chest pain is caused by the heart’s increased demand for O2.
Can be caused by CAD.
S+S: Nausea, chest heaviness, pain in neck, and jaw, high BP, High RR, high HR.
Stable Angina is when caused by physical activity/ emotional stress.
Unstable Angina is unpredictable and caused at rest.
What is Myocardial Infarction?
list: Causes, s+S, Patho, management
MI is when there is a blockage in the coronary artery caused by (CAD). This results in decreased O2 to the heart.
Causes: High BP Lipids, cholesterol, Obesity, Gender (male), ethnicity and age
S+S: Pallor, pain, jaw, neck, arms, sweating, SOB
management: Morphine Oxygen Nitroglycerin Asprin
Lifestyle changes diet, physical activity smoking. Simvastatin.
What is Cardiac arrest?
Is when the heart stops pumping blood
fatal no blood= no O2.
List the left side anatomy of the heart?
(Oxygenated blood comes from the lungs)
7) Pulmonary vein
8) Left atrium
9) Mitral valve
10) Left ventricles
11) Aortic valve
12) Aorta
Interventions for CAD and Angina
Medicine
Lifestyle
Procedures
Medicine: Beta blockers, Antiplatelets, Ca channel blockers, Stains
Lifestyle: Diet, Activity, habit
Procedures: CABG (Coronary artery Bypass Graft) veins/ arteries for the body to bypass narrowed ones. Angiogram stent (cathedre)
