respiratory Flashcards
Fissures visible on chest x-ray
fluid overload
Most common community-acquired pneumonia pathogen
Strep. pneumoniae
Most common walking pneumonia pathogen
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Diagnostics for pneumonia
Curb-65 and pneumonia severity index
Curb-65 criteria
Diagnostic tool for pneumonia: Confusion Urea > 7 mmol/L Resp. Rate > 30 Blood pressure SBP < 90 Age > 65
Pathogens most likely to cause HCAP
Staph aureus and pseudomonas
Single best manifestation indicative of pneumonia
new infiltrate on chest x-ray
Intervention that solely decreases mortality in critical COPD patients
noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
pneumonia hides normal borders and structures
silhouette sign
Criteria for pneumonia
2 out of 3 of the following:
hypo/hyperthermia
leukocytosis/penia
purulent secretions
and new lung infiltration CXR
Treatment regimen for active TB
RIPE
Rifampin
INH (isoniazide)
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Defintion of Asthma
Ominious signs with asthma attack
Asthma symptoms < 2 days/week
Asthma symptoms > 2days/week but not daily
Asthma symptoms daily
asthma symptoms throughout the day
nighttime awakenings due to asthma < 2x/month
Nighttime awakenings due to asthma 3-4x/month
Nighttime awakenings due to asthma >1x/week but not nightly
Nighttime awakenings due to asthma often 7x/week
Mild COPD
Moderate COPD
Severe COPD
Very Severe COPD
Key indicators for diagnosis of COPD
Assessment findings with emphysema
Assessment findings with chronic bronchitis
Lab assessment findings with COPD
Hypokalemia, hypochloremia, increased serum bicarb
These are venous findings consistent with CO2 retention
5 mm induration of PPD is positive
10mm induration of PPD is positive
15mm induration of PPD is positive for
Screening for prioir TB treatment
hallmark diagnosis of pneumonia
Lung consolidation via chest xray or physical exam (auscultation, dullness to percussion, egophony, tactile fremitus)
Treatment of pneumonia is previously healthy pt. no abx use
Treatment of pneumonia with comorbidities or use of abx in past 3 months
Treatment of pneumonia in ICU pt.
Treatment of pnuemonia in ICU pt with pseudomonas risk (ventilator or immunocompromised)
Treatment of pneumonia in ICU patient with MRSA
Curb-65 criteria for hospitalization of pneumonia
Clinical diagnostic criteria of ARDS
Most common causative organism for pneumonia in HIV pts
These drugs helps prevent nosocomial pneumonia
Sucralfate (Carafate) - does not change the pH of the gastric content, therefore if it is aspirated, there typically are not bugs in this content to cause a pneumonia
One of the most common causes of nosocomial pneumonia is aspiration of gastric contents
Mechanism of hypoxemia in PE
Kerley’s lines on chest x-ray
Redistribution of flow in pulmonary vasculature on chest x-ray
Chronic CHF
X-ray findings of COPD pt.
Whittening of the terminal airspaces
Gold standard of diagnosis for Pulmonary HTN
highest risk factor for developement of DVT
Lung disease characterized by reduced airflow rates
Lung disease characterized by reduce volumes
Lights Critera for Exudative Pleural Effusion
One or more of the following:
Pleural fluid protein to serum protein ratio >0.5
Pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio >0.6
Pleural fluid LDH >2/3 (0.6) the upper limit of normal serum LDH (200-300)
